Abstract
Significant differences in salivary microbiota communities between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and healthy controls have been reported, and interestingly, some salivary microbiota exhibit diurnal oscillation in healthy people. However, whether the diurnal oscillation of salivary microbiota is present in PCOS patients is unknown. In this study, we describe the differences in the saliva microbiome between the PCOS group and the control group at different time points over 24 h. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on salivary and fecal samples from 10 PCOS patients and 10 healthy controls, and salivary samples were collected at 6-h intervals over 24 h (Zeitgeber (ZT)0, ZT6, ZT12, and ZT18). Among the salivary samples, those from the PCOS group showed significant differences from those of the control group at each time point. Differences were evident in taxa level and metabolic pathways. Interestingly, we found that PCOS disrupted the diurnal rhythm of the salivary microbiota abundance, as determined in the group of healthy women. In addition, no similar changes were found in PCOS patients and controls between the oral and fecal microbiota, including differential microbiota at the phylum level. In this study, significant differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota between PCOS and healthy women were detected at different time points. We also showed that the diurnal rhythm of relative abundance of the salivary microbiota was disrupted in patients with PCOS, which might be related to development of oral-related diseases and systematic metabolic disorders.
Highlights
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo- or anovulatory and insulin resistance (IR), affecting 6.5%–8% of reproductive-age women (Norman et al, 2007)
Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had significantly higher total testosterone levels, and luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios (P = 0.02, 0.02, and
We found that the salivary microbiota from the PCOS group had lower alpha diversity than that of the control group at ZT0 only, and significant differences in beta diversity were observed in the salivary samples between PCOS patients and controls at the ZT0 and ZT18 time points, respectively
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo- or anovulatory and insulin resistance (IR), affecting 6.5%–8% of reproductive-age women (Norman et al, 2007). The etiology of PCOS remains unclear, the pathogenesis has been suggested to be multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors (Dumesic et al, 2015). Increasing evidence from a large number of studies indicates that significant differences exist in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between PCOS and healthy women (Lindheim et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2017; Torres et al, 2018) and Bacteroides vulgatus has been shown to cause PCOS-like manifestations, such as polycystic ovaries and disorders of the oestrus cycle, in a mouse model (Qi et al, 2019). Differences in the composition of microbiotas were inconsistent among studies
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