Abstract
Liquefied nature gas (LNG) is a green energy. LNG-fueled vessels are extremely complex engineering systems. In view of the inherent hazardous properties of LNG fuel, LNG fueling is not only an important part, but it is also full of high risks in the operation of LNG-fueled vessels (LNGFVs). Therefore, it is necessary to study the risk factors, and the intrinsic relationship among them between the LNG and the vessel, and to simulate the system dynamics in the process of LNGFV operation. During the process of fueling of LNGFV, at every moment the vessel interacts with the energy and information of the surrounding environment. First, the impact of the three interactions of the fueling operation process, ship factors, and environmental factors were analyzed on the risk of fueling operation, and a complete node system was proposed as to the complex system dynamics mode. Second, by analyzing the boundary conditions of the system, the relationship of factors was established via the tools of system dynamics (SD). Based on the catastrophe theory (CA), the dynamics model for the fueling of LNG is set up to study the system’s risk mutation phenomenon. Third, combined with the simulation results of the case analysis, the risk evolution mode of the LNGFV during the fueling process was obtained, and constructive opinions were put forward for improving the safe fueling of the LNGFV. Application examples show that formal description of risk emergence and transition is a prerequisite for the quantitative analysis of the risk evolution mode. In order to prevent accidents, the coupling synchronization of risk emergence should be weakened, and meanwhile risk control should be implemented.
Highlights
As a clean and efficient energy source, natural gas has become more and more important in the global energy landscape and plays an increasingly important role in the maritime trade
In the process of fueling, using mathematical functions to fit, such as normal distribution, β distribution, etc., we found the trend that best matched the wind with time and, taking 10 points based on the horizontal value, we created a table function
Based on the basic idea of the catastrophe theory (CA) and system dynamics (SD) methods, this paper studied the LNG-fueled vessel’s operation system (LNGVOS) process risk system
Summary
As a clean and efficient energy source, natural gas has become more and more important in the global energy landscape and plays an increasingly important role in the maritime trade. The future prospects of transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships and the development of LNG-fueled vessels (LNGFV) are all topics of great concern to the industry. The number of LNGFVs has more than tripled. The overall fleet size is still limited, the number of LNGFVs has increased rapidly due to the imminent implementation of the International maritime organzition (IMO) sulfur limit regulations. In the past LNGFVs, LNG carriers were the main ship type using green energy. Some ships in Northern Europe have been using LNG as their fuel source for over a decade, with an extremely good safety performance. As the use of LNGFVs spreads to other parts of the world and many more parties become involved, there is a clear intention to study LNG operations risks for LNGFV at an international level
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