Dynamics of unsteady Carreau fluid in a suspension of dust and hybrid solid particles with non-Fourier and Fourier fluxes

Abstract

The use of heat transfers in heat exchangers, nuclear cooling, solar collectors, and electrical devices is crucial nowadays. Hybrid nanofluid can be used in these applications to get the best results because it encourages efficient heat transmission compared to conventional fluid. The effect of radiation and an unsteady Carreau hybrid fluid in addition to non-Fourier heat flux over a shrinking sheet is discussed in this paper. Using similarity transformations, the newly developed system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that are next numerically addressed by utilizing shooting approach and the Runge–Kutta (RK) method. Tables and graphs are used to present utilizing the computational findings for nondimensional temperature, velocity, heat transfer rate, and friction between fluid and hybrid nanoparticles. Additionally, for certain physical factors, the physical quantities in numerical values were also presented (such as the friction factor and local Nusselt number). We made a restricted case comparison between the current findings and the body of prior research. Our finding confirms that the temperature profile is strengthened by the heat generation parameter and the effect of radiation. The porosity parameter decelerates the momentum boundary layer thickness near the plate.