Dynamics of Tri-Hybrid Nanoparticles in the Rheology of Pseudo-Plastic Liquid with Dufour and Soret Effects

Enran Hou,Phatiphat Thounthong,Noman Jabbar,Fuzhang Wang,Muhammad Sohail,Umar Nazir

doi:10.3390/mi13020201

Abstract

The rheology of different materials at the micro and macro levels is an area of great interest to many researchers, due to its important physical significance. Past experimental studies have proved the efficiency of the utilization of nanoparticles in different mechanisms for the purpose of boosting the heat transportation rate. The purpose of this study is to investigate heat and mass transport in a pseudo-plastic model past over a stretched porous surface in the presence of the Soret and Dufour effects. The involvement of tri-hybrid nanoparticles was incorporated into the pseudo-plastic model to enhance the heat transfer rate, and the transport problem of thermal energy and solute mechanisms was modelled considering the heat generation/absorption and the chemical reaction. Furthermore, traditional Fourier and Fick’s laws were engaged in the thermal and solute transportation. The physical model was developed upon Cartesian coordinates, and boundary layer theory was utilized in the simplification of the modelled problem, which appears in the form of coupled partial differential equations systems (PDEs). The modelled PDEs were transformed into corresponding ordinary differential equations systems (ODEs) by engaging the appropriate similarity transformation, and the converted ODEs were solved numerically via a Finite Element Procedure (FEP). The obtained solution was plotted against numerous emerging parameters. In addition, a grid independent survey is presented. We recorded that the temperature of the tri-hybrid nanoparticles was significantly higher than the fluid temperature. Augmenting the values of the Dufour number had a similar comportment on the fluid temperature and concentration. The fluid temperature increased against a higher estimation of the heat generation parameter and the Eckert numbers. The impacts of the buoyancy force parameter and the porosity parameter were quite opposite on the fluid velocity.

Highlights

In the last few decades, many researchers have become interested in the study of shear thinning fluids, due to the many fascinating industrial and everyday applications [1]
Eberhard et al [2] computed the effective viscosity for Newtonian and non-Newtonian materials past through a porous surface. They first considered the rheology of the power law model to estimate an effective shear rate
A chemical reaction occurred and dual behavior was addressed relating to heat generation and heat absorption

Summary

Introduction

In the last few decades, many researchers have become interested in the study of shear thinning fluids, due to the many fascinating industrial and everyday applications [1]. Eberhard et al [2] computed the effective viscosity for Newtonian and non-Newtonian materials past through a porous surface They first considered the rheology of the power law model to estimate an effective shear rate. Gul et al [4] computed the exact solution in the case of lifting and drainage with slip conditions for the power law model of thin film They approximated the flow rate and the skin friction coefficient and plotted numerous sketches against different involved parameters for fluid velocity. Abdelsalam and Sohail [6] studied the involvement of the bio-convection phenomenon in viscous nanofluid comprising variable properties past over a bidirectional stretched surface engaging an optimal homotopy scheme They established an error analysis and performed a comparative study, noting the depreciation in the motile density profile against the Peclet and Lewis numbers. Sohail and Naz [7]

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