Dynamics of TP, HF-, LF- and VLF- Waves of the Cardiointervalogram (in Clinostasis Conditions) of an Elite Ski Racer in the Preparatory, Competitive and Transitional Periods, Depending on the Volume and Intensity of Training Loads

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In order to study the mechanisms of adaptation to loads requiring high endurance, the 27-year-old master of Sports of Russia in cross-country skiing repeatedly recorded a cardiointervalogram (CIG) under clinostasis conditions, estimating TP, absolute power (mc2) of LF-, HF- and VLF-waves and the relative (as a percentage of TP) power of these waves, i.e. LF%, HF% and VLF%. They were compared with the volume (Vkm, Vmin) and intensity (Nhr) of training loads. The volume of loads was maximum in the preparatory period (21 km/day) and it is minimal in the transition period (18 km/day), and their intensity throughout the annual cycle was stable (working pulse – 120–121 beats/min). With the change in the volume of loads, the values of the KIG indicators also changed. So, in the preparatory period, the medians of TP, the power of HF-, LF- and VLF-waves, as well as VLF% increase; in this period, with an increase in the volume of loads (Vkm), the values of VLF% increase. In the competitive period, the medians of TP, the power of HF-, LF- and VLF-waves and VLF% remain at a high level. In the transition period, the median of TP, the power HF-, LF- and VLF-waves, as well as LF% and VLF%, but the median of HF% increases. For the annual cycle, a direct dependence of the median of TP on the volume of loads (Vkm) and the median power of VLF waves on the volume (Vkm) and intensity (Nhr) of the load was revealed. It is postulated that the values of TP, HF-, LF-, and VLF-waves, as well as VLF% (in clinostasis) reflect the influence of the Cholinergic system on the heart, while VLF% probably reflects the intensity of synthesis of non-neuronal heart’s acetylcholine, and the values of LF% and HF% reflect the formation of anxiety in connection with upcoming starts.