Abstract

Variation in the population sizes of rhizobia that are capable of nodulating cowpeas and two soybean cultivars with different symbiotic promiscuities was assessed at three locations in West Africa. Maradi, in Niger, is subject to temperature extremes and prolonged drought; the soil contained fewer rhizobia than those at Onne and at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture both of which are located in the humid zone of Nigeria. Numbers of rhizobia, especially of cowpea rhizobia in the top 15 cm six weeks after planting, were significantly higher in fields cropped to cowpeas than fallow soil, indicating that cowpea crops built up the population of compatible rhizobia in the root zone.Bradyrhizobium japonicum specific for American soybean cultivars had the smallest population at all three locations, confirming the need for inoculating these cultivars with appropriate rhizobia in tropical soils. In fallow plots, in the absence of the host plant, rhizobial population sizes remained stable for four years.

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