Abstract
The HDI (Human Development Index) is a widely used index based on the average of measures of health, education, and income. It assesses the progress of countries worldwide. The publicly available data set associated with the HDI can be seen as a table with 3 dimensions (three-way table): countries, indexes regarding progress, and years (from 2010 to 2018). Thus, modeling the serial dependence structure of this type of intricate three-way tables is a challenge. D-vine copulas are a special class of multivariate copulas that are particularly suited for modeling serial dependence. This work aims to assess the evolution of the dependence relationship between the indexes of the HDI data set over time through D-vine copulas, which has not been fully used before in the area, as far as we are concerned. We tested our approach to European and African countries and compare their results.
Highlights
The human development approach is based on expanding the richness of human life, rather than the richness of the economy in which human beings live
Dynamics of Human Development Index (HDI) Index: Temporal Dependence Based on D-vine Copulas
D-vine copulas are a special class of multivariate copulas that are suited for modeling serial dependence (Bedford and Cooke 2002; Aas et al 2009)
Summary
The human development approach is based on expanding the richness of human life, rather than the richness of the economy in which human beings live. Dynamics of HDI Index: Temporal Dependence Based on D-vine Copulas. The main aim of this article is to assess the evolution of the dependence relationship between the domain indicators (i.e., countries, indexes) over time (years) through a copula method. We present a model based on D-vine for longitudinal data, which allows us to represent a unified and general strategy for jointly modeling the variable and the temporal dependence. This approach allows us to get insights into the data via a new flexible way of modeling the dependence between the components of the non-normal multivariate longitudinal data. The dependence relationships between domain indicators over time in the HDI data set are described in Sect.
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