Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the somatic development and comprehensive physical fitness of artistic gymnasts aged 7-10 years. Materials and methods: Gymnasts (n = 307), split up into four age groups performed eight Eurofit tests. The results were evaluated in points according to the development standards prepared in scale T for the Polish girls population. Results : The gymnasts obtained the highest growth rate in balance test - FLB (13 points), arm and shoulder muscular endurance test - BAH (7 points) and speed of the upper limb movement test - PLT (4 points) out of eight physical fitness tests. Conclusions. High and very high level of performance in the six Eurofit tests and increased total number of points in the subsequent age groups of artistic gymnasts proved high effectiveness of training in shaping the key components of a comprehensive physical fitness in artistic gymnastics - balance, strength, endurance, speed and flexibility. Relatively little progress in isometric hand strength (HGR) and standing broad jump (SBJ) suggests a significant influence of genetic factors on the level of these abilities. The results provide an objective information useful in optimizing control system of training effects in comprehensive physical fitness and optimization of artistic gymnasts training at the comprehensive stage of sports training.
Highlights
IntroductionBalancing for one minute on one leg on a beam of set dimensions
Gymnasts obtained the smaller number of points with respect to the body mass (BM) and body height (BH) in subsequent age groups
Number of points in BH decreased much faster in relation to the number of points in BM, which resulted in the increasing scores of body mass index (BMI) and lower scores of slenderness index (SI)
Summary
Balancing for one minute on one leg on a beam of set dimensions Gymnasts performed this test standing on a wooden beam without shoes, which is a derogation from the standard procedure. The isometric hand strength was measured in static conditions with the use of the hand dynamometer DR4-P integrated with tensometric amplifier WTP3 and a computer program MAX_v_5.5 (JBA-Zbigniew Staniak, Poland). 6. Abdominal muscular strength and endurance (SUP – Sit-ups). The obtained values of reliability coefficients (rtt) in the individual tests were above 0.86. For all variables basic statistical parameters were calculated: arithmetic means (M), standard deviations (SD), coefficients of variation (CV), the minimum values (Min), the maximum values (Max) and the differences of results expressed as a percentage in relation to the youngest group of gymnasts (7 years). Statistical analysis was executed by STATISTICA 7.1 software package (Stat Soft, Inc.., USA)
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