Abstract
The study assessed the implications that climatic factors has on the food security of rural household within the Jirapa municipality. The perception of 180 rural farm households on climate change was analyzed using a quantitative approach. The study also examined some climate variables using time series data from the Ghana Meteorological Authority for a period of 57 years. Pattern examination of precipitation and temperature were done using Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over the 57 year interval. The results showed that, most of the individual respondents (69.5%) experienced a rise in temperature over the past years and a decline in rainfall (65%). Data from the Ghana Meteorological Authority (GMA) showed an increasing trend for temperature (1.28ºC) over the 57 year period and 0.224 ºC rise per decade with a decline in rainfall and eratic rainfall distribution over the past 57 years. The presence of climatic extremes had serious implications for food availability, stability, accessibility and utilization. It is recommended that policy and development measures should therefore concentrate on promoting the resilience and adaptive capacity of rural households towards climate change to promote food security. Keywords: Climate change, Food Security, Livelihood, Agricultural Productivity, Ghana DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-4-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2022
Highlights
Climate change is a slow alternation in weather condition over an extended length of time, that is attributed to anthropogenic activities (UNFCC, 2011)
About 59% of the household heads in the study communities are within the age category of 50 years and above, 38.3% within 30-49 years, and 2.7 % were within the age range of 15-29 years
The results showed that, variations in climatic factors has reduced the food security and negative affected livelihoods of households which has increased the poverty level of households
Summary
Climate change is a slow alternation in weather condition over an extended length of time, that is attributed to anthropogenic activities (UNFCC, 2011). Between 1960 and 2000, the Ghana Meteorological Agency noted an increase in temperature and rainfall variability all around the country. Based on those facts available, climate stimulations revealed that, Ghana will experience a 2oC rise in temperature by 2050. Rainfall is likewise anticipated to lower in those regions through a mean of 11% (UNFCCC, 2009). This will pose a severe negative impact on household food security within Ghana and most especially northern Ghana, in which environmental situations are already characterized by soil erosion, land degradation, deforestation, and lack of water supply (IPCC, 2013)
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