Abstract
A detailed spatio-temporal analysis of magnetic data was performed during the periods of magnetic storms on October 02, 2013 and September 27, 2019 based on measurements of the station network. In this work, we used a method developed by us for the analysis of magnetic data, based on the use of wavelet transform and adaptive thresholds. The method allows us to identify short-period field disturbances and estimate their intensity from the data of the H-component of the geomagnetic field. The features of the occurrence and propagation of geomagnetic disturbances in the auroral zone and at meridionally located stations have been studied. Dynamic spectra of disturbances of different intensity and duration are obtained. The paper confirms the possibility of occurrence of short-period weak geomagnetic disturbances at stations from high latitudes to the equator, preceding magnetic storms and correlating with fluctuations of the southern Bz-component of the interplanetary magnetic field and increases in the auroral indices of geomagnetic activity. Cross-correlation dependences of the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances on the parameters of the interplanetary medium during magnetic storms were obtained from the data of the network of magnetic stations. A statistically significant influence of the magnitude of the scope of the Bz-component of the IMF and the speed of the solar wind on the development of magnetic storms during the initial and main phases of magnetic storms was revealed.
Highlights
The analysis of time series of geophysical parameters is an important basis for methods of studying the processes occurring in near-earth space during periods of increased solar activity and magnetic storms
An analysis of the results presented in fig. 3e, f and 4e, f confirms the efficiency of operation (3), the use of which makes it possible to single out nonstationary short-period changes in the data characterizing the occurrence of weak increases in geomagnetic activity that preceded a major magnetic event
The analysis results were compared with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data and solar wind parameters
Summary
The analysis of time series of geophysical parameters is an important basis for methods of studying the processes occurring in near-earth space during periods of increased solar activity and magnetic storms. The article pays special attention to the development of methods for analyzing the geomagnetic signal, which characterizes the complex space-time structure and dynamics of the variable geomagnetic field. Wavelet transform is one of the most effective methods for analyzing data of complex structure [7,8]. The authors carried out a cross-correlation study between the measure of the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances obtained during the application of the data analysis technique developed on the basis of the wavelet transform [12] and the data of the interplanetary medium (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html ). The results obtained confirmed the uniqueness and effectiveness of the proposed method, and showed the possibility of its application for assessing and monitoring the state of the geomagnetic field in various magnetic observatories without a specific adaptation to their location
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