Abstract

This paper analyzes the convergence time and the root mean square (RMS) error of single frequency (SF) precise point positioning (PPP) in the ionospheric-constrained (TIC1) and troposphere- and ionospheric-constrained (TIC2) conditions, when the stations are at a low latitude, mid-latitude, and high latitude area during the period of a magnetic storm (MS) and a non-magnetic storm (NMS). In this paper, 375 IGS (international global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service) stations were selected from all over the world for 30 days in September 2017. The 24 hour daily observations were split for each station into 8 data sets of 3 hours each, so that a total of 90,000 tests were carried out. After statistical analysis, it was concluded that: during the MS period, the percentage of TIC2 shortened compared to the TIC1 convergence time, and it was by at least 3.9%, 3.0%, and 9.3% when the station was at global, low latitude, and high latitude areas, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, during the NMS period the convergence time was shortened about at least 12.8%, 11.0%, and 30.0% with respect to the stations in the MS period at global, low, and high latitude areas, respectively. If the station was located in the mid-latitude region, the convergence time was not shortened in some modes. The ionospheric activity in the mid-latitude region was less than that in the low-latitude region, while there were more stations in the mid-latitude region, and the precision of the global ionospheric maps (GIMs) and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) products were also slightly higher. Overall, TIC1 and TIC2 have a greater impact on convergence time, but have less impact on positioning accuracy, and only have a greater impact in different environments during the MS and NMS periods.

Highlights

  • IntroductionWith respect to signal propagation, the atmosphere is subdivided into two main layers of the troposphere ( referred to as neutral atmosphere) and the ionosphere

  • With respect to signal propagation, the atmosphere is subdivided into two main layers of the troposphere and the ionosphere

  • This paper studies the effects of TIC1 and TIC2 on the convergence time and positioning accuracy in single frequency (SF) precise point positioning (PPP), and analyzes its positioning performance during magnetic storm (MS) and non-magnetic storm (NMS) periods

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Summary

Introduction

With respect to signal propagation, the atmosphere is subdivided into two main layers of the troposphere ( referred to as neutral atmosphere) and the ionosphere. When satellite signals pass through the atmosphere and reach the receiver antenna, the satellite electromagnetic signal will be delayed. The delay can be divided into ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay. Ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay can result in distance errors for international global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellite users who require high precision measurements [1].

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