Abstract
AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries offer promising prospects due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the sluggish kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) conversion, particularly the crucial stage from LiPSs to lithium sulfide (Li2S), hampers their development. Herein, a novel strategy for dynamically regulating LiPSs conversion by incorporating 4‐mercaptopyridine (4Mpy), as a LiPSs Redox Regulator (RR) in the electrolyte is introduced. This organic sulfur additive actively interacts with LiPSs during discharge, facilitating rapid conversion and promoting the formation of a three‐dimensional (3D) Li2S structure, thereby enhancing reaction kinetics. Both theoretical and experimental results reveal that the redox conversion mechanism with the 4Mpy additive differs from traditional electrolytes. Upon lithiation, 4Mpy forms lithium‐pyridinethiolate (Li‐pyS), which reversibly engages in the LiPSs conversion during the charging/discharging cycles, significantly improving the redox process. As a result, the Li‐S battery with 4Mpy additive demonstrates superior performances, achieving 10.05 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 10.88 mg cm−2, surpassing industrial benchmarks. This study not only presents an approach to mitigating the shuttle effect in Li‐S batteries but also offers valuable insights into electrolyte design for other metal batteries.
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