Abstract

Monitored breakwater settlements taken from an actual breakwater structure over an extended period of time (more than five years) were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the waves clearly affect the settlement of the breakwater, especially during high wave conditions such as typhoons. Breakwater settlement is caused by a decrease of effective stress of seabed during partial liquefaction due to wave‐induced cyclic loads, which occurs due to an increase in excess pore pressure and the combination of oscillatory and residual pore water pressures. A new combined numerical model was suggested that allows the storm wave‐induced seabed settlement underneath the caisson breakwater to be examined qualitatively. The technique uses a combined wave model (2D‐NIT) and soil model (FLIP). The dynamic wave load calculated by the 2D‐NIT was used as the input data for the soil model. This soil model can simulate both oscillatory and residual pore water pressures at the same time. There is a different feature to other previous studies adopting similar techniques.

Highlights

  • Two key calculations are required to design a breakwater on sand layers: an assessment of the ultimate bearing capacity and an estimation of the settlement under working loads

  • Like previous studies done by other researchers, this study focused on the dynamic response of a sandy seabed and the liquefaction in the sand seabed’s foundation under typhoon-generated wave loading

  • A new numerical model consisting of two submodels: the wave and soil models, was proposed to simulate the wave-induced settlement of a caisson built on a sandy seabed. e dynamic wave load calculated by the wave model (2D-NIT) was used as the input data for the soil model (FLIP). is soil model can simulate both oscillatory and residual pore water pressures at the same time

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Summary

Introduction

Two key calculations are required to design a breakwater on sand layers: an assessment of the ultimate bearing capacity and an estimation of the settlement under working loads. De Groot et al [18,19] indicated that the foundation of the vertical breakwater, or an offshore gravity platform built in sandy soil, may fail due to wave-induced partial liquefaction. Kudella [20] conducted large-scale model experiments in a wave flume to study the generation of transient, instantaneous, and residual pore pressure in a seabed beneath a caisson breakwater that has been subjected to wave loads. Like previous studies done by other researchers, this study focused on the dynamic response of a sandy seabed and the liquefaction in the sand seabed’s foundation under typhoon-generated wave loading. A new numerical model consisting of two submodels: the wave and soil models, was proposed to simulate the wave-induced settlement of a caisson built on a sandy seabed. A new numerical model consisting of two submodels: the wave and soil models, was proposed to simulate the wave-induced settlement of a caisson built on a sandy seabed. e dynamic wave load calculated by the wave model (2D-NIT) was used as the input data for the soil model (FLIP). is soil model can simulate both oscillatory and residual pore water pressures at the same time

Characteristics of the Soil and Waves at the Site
Present Numerical Model
Application of the Present Numerical Model to Caisson Breakwater
Findings
Caisson 2
Full Text
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