Dynamic Simulation of the Crown Net Photosynthetic Rate for Young Larix olgensis Henry Trees

Qiang Liu,Longfei Xie,Fengri Li

doi:10.3390/f10040321

Abstract

Numerical integration of the instantaneous net photosynthetic rate (An) is a common method for calculating the long-term CO2 uptake of trees, and accurate dynamic simulation of the crown An has been receiving substantial attention. Tree characteristics are challenging to assess given their aerodynamically coarse crown properties, spatiotemporal variation in leaf functional traits and microenvironments. Therefore, the variables associated with the dynamic variations in the crown An must be identified. The relationships of leaf temperature (Tleaf), the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf mass per area (LMA) and the relative depth into the crown (RDINC) with the parameters of the photosynthetic light-response (PLR) model of Larix olgensis Henry were analyzed. The LMA, RDINC and VPD were highly correlated with the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax). The VPD was the key variable that mainly determined the variation in the apparent quantum yield (AQY). Tleaf exhibited a significant exponential correlation with the dark respiration rate (Rd). According to the above correlations, the crown PLR model of L. olgensis trees was constructed by linking VPD, LMA and RDINC to the original PLR equation. The model performed well, with a high coefficient of determination (R2) value (0.883) and low root mean square error (RMSE) value (1.440 μmol m−2 s−1). The extinction coefficient (k) of different pseudowhorls within a crown was calculated by the Beer–Lambert equation based on the observed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) distribution. The results showed that k was not a constant value but varied with the RDINC, solar elevation angle (ψ) and cumulative leaf area of the whole crown (CLA). Thus, we constructed a k model by reparameterizing the power function of RDINC with the ψ and CLA, and the PAR distribution within a crown was therefore well estimated (R2 = 0.698 and RMSE = 174.4 μmol m−2 s−1). Dynamic simulation of the crown An for L. olgensis trees was achieved by combining the crown PLR model and dynamic PAR distribution model. Although the models showed some weakened physiological biochemical processes during photosynthesis, they enabled the estimation of long-term CO2 uptake for an L. olgensis plantation, and the results could be easily fitted to gas-exchange measurements.

Highlights

Photosynthesis is one of the most important elements in many ecophysiological models [1,2,3]as photosynthesis plays a vital role in the material cycle and energy flow of forest ecosystems [1,4,5].Photosynthesis supports metabolism in leaves and provides nutrition to stems and other plant parts for growth [6]
Our results showed that the Amax and Rd were negatively correlated with the relative depth into the crown (RDINC) (Figure 1), which is consistent with other studies [35,48,49,71,72,73,74]
The photosynthetic light-response (PLR) curves and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were measured within multilayer tree crowns of five planted L. olgensis trees during the whole growing season

Summary

Introduction

Photosynthesis is one of the most important elements in many ecophysiological models [1,2,3]as photosynthesis plays a vital role in the material cycle and energy flow of forest ecosystems [1,4,5].Photosynthesis supports metabolism in leaves and provides nutrition to stems and other plant parts for growth [6]. Many mechanistic models, including the big-leaf model [24], the multistory model [25] and the two-leaf model [26], which were developed from Farquhar’s scheme [27], accurately describe the biochemical process of crown photosynthesis These models have been widely applied in many ecophysiological process-based models [1,28]. These models are usually complex as they require empirical calculations of species-specific photo- and biochemical parameters that are subject to environmental control [29], and the behaviors of the parameters are not predicted from their formulations [3,20]. Semiempirical models, such as the photosynthetic light-response (PLR) curve model, serve as an intermediate option to define photosynthesis according to a mathematical description of a single biochemical process between the net photosynthetic rate (An ) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) [29]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion