Dynamic Simulation of Solar Desalination: Investigation of Climatic Conditions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Experimental investigation of performance of cascade solar water desalination system equipped with internal reflector and concave steps

Water is essential for the hotel industry, its disposition is key to ensure the viability of the tourism sector that grows disproportionately day by day plus the scarcity of water in the world, this situation forces hotels to find alternatives to meet the demand for water. One of the preferred alternatives is solar water desalination. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate through this first literature review whether solar desalination is a viable technique to meet the demand of potable water in a medium-sized hotel in a coastal area. We conducted a review of the literature published between 1987 and 2018, the subject of which is solar HDH desalination. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated and applied to determine the most relevant studies to achieve the purpose of this research. The review found that solar desalination can be feasible to apply in hotels if they have large amounts of land for installation or the demand for water is not large. However, there are more economic methods to desalinate water while at the same time producing more water with similar sizes of facilities. Such results have practical implication for the use of the systems of hotels in general.

Constructal design of distributed energy systems: Solar power and water desalination

New hydrogel materials for improving solar water evaporation, desalination and wastewater treatment: A review

Simulation and geometric optimization of a hybrid system of solar chimney and water desalination

Chapter 9 - Solar water desalination system

Theoretical simulation of small scale psychometric solar water desalination system in semi-arid region

Solar water desalination (SWD) is considered to be an effective solution to combat fresh water shortage. Therefore, the selection of suitable solar absorbing materials is essential for researchers to consider. 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbonitrides (MXenes) have aroused significant attention in SWD owing to their hydrophilicity, chemical diversity, and special response to light irradiation. Herein, the MXene materials and their research progress in SWD are objectively reviewed and evaluated. First, the synthesis and properties of MXenes are described in terms of rational design and the problems confront when MXenes are applied in water environment, followed by a summary of the recent advances for MXene materials in the SWD field in three aspects, including their interesting photothermal conversion mechanism, feasibility for use as suitable solar absorbers, as well as the representative works. Finally, challenges and opportunities in MXenes‐based SWD systems for future development are discussed in terms of the cost, stability, hidden dangers in practical applications, and possible additional benefits. This review aims to highlight the benefits of MXene materials for SWD and provides a viable scheme toward the design of efficient MXenes‐based photothermal evaporators.

Construction of Ti3C2 MXene based fire resistance nanocoating on flexible polyurethane foam for highly efficient photothermal conversion and solar water desalination.

Safe drinking water for the coastal areas of Bangladesh has become a big challenge. Arsenic adulteration and salinity intrusion in surface water body has accelerated the scarcity of water in the coastal region. As situation ameliorating and also investment for water-borne diseases is decreasing, it becomes the major threat for a third-world country like Bangladesh. There are lots of alternatives for water supply but there are also a huge number of constraints. Most of the traditional dug wells (DW), ring wells (RW) and alternative pond sand filters (PSF) are now inoperative due to shortage of fresh surface water body and also adequate maintenance. Except a few, most of the shallow tube wells (STW) and deep tube wells (DTW) in coastal areas face arsenic (As) contamination. There could be a blended solution for these problems based on existing situation, constraint, hydrogeology and individual’s economy. Different kinds of filters, reverse osmosis (RO), solar desalination plants (low-cost and small scale) and fuel-powered desalination plants (high-cost and large scale), etc., would be a good solution for mitigation of these problems. Solar PSF and rain water harvesting (RWH) might be an effective solution for some areas, respectively where fresh water and rainfall is abundant. Keywords: Arsenic contamination, salinity intrusion, climate change, pond sand filter, rain water harvesting, desalination, natural disaster

Recent decades have seen a shortage of water, which has led scientists to concentrate on solar desalination technologies. The present study examines the solar water desalination system with inclined steps, while considering various phase change materials (PCMs). The findings suggest that the incorporation of PCM generally enhances the productivity of the solar desalination system. Additionally, the combination of nanoparticles has been used to PCM, which is a popular technique utilized nowadays to improve the efficiency of these systems. The current investigation involves the transient modeling of a solar water desalination system, utilizing energy conservation equations. The equations were solved using the Runge-Kutta technique of the ODE23s order. The temperatures of the salt water, the absorbent plate of the glass cover, and the PCM were calculated at each time. Without a phase changer, the rate at which fresh water is produced is around 5.15 kg/m2·h. The corresponding mass flow rates of paraffin, n-PCM I, n-PCM III, n-PCM II, and stearic acid are 22.9, 28.9, 5.9, 11.9, and 73 kg/m2·h. PCMs, with the exception of stearic acid, exhibit similar energy efficiency up to an ambient temperature of around 29°. However, at temperatures over 29°, n-PCM II outperforms other PCM.

In this study, the evaporation of inlet water as one of the most important parts of the solar desalination system was investigated. Elevating the evaporation rate is one of the important points in increasing the efficiency of solar water desalination systems .The evaporation rate and reduction of the droplets diameter sprayed in the chamber was investigated using the mathematical model. It should be noted that, the effects of different factors namely environmental conditions inside the chamber, including relative humidity and pressure, as well as the initial conditions of the droplet, including temperature, injection pressure and initial diameter were also considered. In this study, the information on a droplet sprayed from the nozzle inside the glass chamber in a downward and upward direction at injection pressures of 1, 3, 5 bar, at temperatures of 60, 65, 70 °C and outlet diameters of 1.1, 1, 0, 9.0 mm of nozzle was used by considering three nozzle types of long cone orifice, drilled steel orifice and sapphire orifice at different relative humidity and pressure values in a glass chamber to determine the favorable conditions for evaporation and fresh water production. The most important goal in solar water desalination systems is increasing the availability of fresh water by producing high-flow rate of vapor. Finally, the best condition for producing fresh water was obtained at the injection pressureof5 bar, the inlet temperature of 70 °C, and the outlet diameter of 0.9 mm of nozzle with a discharge coefficient of 0.9 in upward direction.

200 m3/day solar sea water desalination pilot plant

Effect of condenser geometrical feature on evacuated tube collector basin solar still performance: Productivity optimization using a Box-Behnken design model

Techno-economic analysis of a combined concentrated solar power and water desalination plant