Constructal design of distributed energy systems: Solar power and water desalination

In India, continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water from Solar power and desalination plant plays a major role in the industries. Particularly in Copper industry, Solar power adopts Solar field collector combined with thermal storage system and steam Boiler, Turbine & Generator (BTG) for electricity production and desalination plant adopts Reverse osmosis (RO) for sweet/potable water production which cannot be used for long hours of power generation and consistency of energy supply for industrial processes and power generation cannot be ensured. This paper presents an overview of enhanced technology for Solar power and Desalination plant for Copper industry making it continuous production of electricity and sweet/potable water. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming industries.

Solar power and desalination plant for carbon black industry: Improvised techniques

A case study of an integrated solar chimney power plant and water desalination plant in Qatar

This paper examines the numerical analysis of the transient analysis of solar desalination and the effect of climatic conditions on its performance. The solar water desalination plant is intended to convert the salt water of the seas and lakes into fresh water. TRNSYS software is used for simulation. In order to study the effect of weather conditions on the efficiency of solar water desalination, the cities of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, Isfahan, Hamedan, Kerman, Mashhad, Tabriz, Zahedan and Tehran have been considered. The effect of solar collector area and auxiliary heater power on solar water desalination efficiency has been investigated. The results show that with increasing collector area and auxiliary heater power, the outlet water temperature of the collector increases. Carbon dioxide production has decreased by about 4.5-8.6% compared to diesel desalination. Using the analytic hierarchy process decision-making algorithm, the best location for installing the desalination plant has been selected based on the two criteria of solar water desalination efficiency and distance from the sea. Bushehr city is in the first place with 75% efficiency and Tabriz city is in the second place with 61% efficiency.

This chapter addresses the description and thermodynamic analysis for the integration of desalination plants into the power cycle described in Chap. 4. The systems chosen for this study combine a Concentrating Solar Power plant using parabolic-trough collector technology for electricity generation with various desalination plants, giving rise to what is known as a parabolic-trough concentrating solar power and desalination (PT-CSP + D) plant. The description of the PT-CSP plant, based on the Andasol-1 (Blanco-Marigorta et al., 2011) commercial plant, is detailed in Chap. 4, showing all the model equations. The desalination technologies selected to combine with the PT-CSP plant were multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO), as discussed in Chap. 1. On one hand, the simultaneous production of water and electricity using an RO plant connected to a CSP plant seems the simpler option. On the other hand, the integration of a low-temperature MED (LT-MED) plant is an interesting alternative because it allows replacement of the conventional power-cycle condenser by using exhaust steam as the thermal energy source for the desalination plant. However, to satisfy demand, while providing a certain performance, the LT-MED plant inlet temperature should be around 70 °C (corresponding to 0.031 bar absolute), meaning that the steam does not completely expand through the turbine and therefore the power-cycle efficiency is low compared with a stand-alone electricity-generating plant. This is the reason why another alternative to the MED plant, MED with thermal vapour compression (TVC), is considered. In this case, the steam expands completely in the turbine until it reaches the permitted value for the condenser conditions. However, part of the steam circulating through the turbine is extracted and used as high-pressure steam; this, together with the low-pressure steam coming from one of the MED effects, generates the inlet steam required in the first stage of the desalination plant. Moreover, in this study, a new concept of CSP + MED plants is evaluated (which, until now, has not been studied in published works), a thermally fed LT-MED plant with steam coming from a thermocompressor (LT-MED + TVC). In this case, the low-pressure steam (the entrained vapour) used by the thermocompressor comes from the exhaust steam of a PT-CSP plant instead of one of the MED effects. In each of the systems studied, desalinated water production is evaluated as well as the power and efficiency of the dual thermal solar power and desalinated water cycle.

Comparative assessment of the annual electricity and water production by concentrating solar power and desalination plants: A case study

The aim of this work is to design and analyze solar humidification and dehumidification desalination plant that is integrated with an energy tower. The proposed integrated water production plant (IWPP) utilizes the waste humid air of the energy tower for the production of potable water as an added benefit in bonus apart from the power production through energy tower. The layout of the proposed desalination plant has been presented which is configured with 100 solar humidification dehumidification desalination units and capable to fulfill potable water demand of 800 liters per day that may be sufficient for a small community of remote area. The seasonal and annual performance of the plant has been analyzed in the climatic condition of Jamnagar which is hot and humid city in western Indian state, Gujarat. The optimum values of air and water mass flow rate have been identified with the help of mathematical simulations in summer, rainy and winter season. The results showed that air mass flow rate 118–120 kg/hr through solar air heater is suitable for water production throughout the year. The water mass flow rate of 125–130 kg/hr in humidifier and 120 kg/hr−122 kg/hr in dehumidifier has been found optimum for potable water production. The seasonal variation in gain output ratio is 0.32−0.45 however it can be increased to 0.62 at optimized operating condition. Finally, the economic and environmental analysis of the proposed plant resulted Rs 0.93/kg (US $ 0.011/kg) cost of potable water, payback period of 0.49 year and 146.8 t/annum reduction in CO2 emission, respectively.

Assessment of different configurations for combined parabolic-trough (PT) solar power and desalination plants in arid regions

Techno-economic analysis of a combined concentrated solar power and water desalination plant

Theoretical simulation of small scale psychometric solar water desalination system in semi-arid region

This chapter deals with the combined fresh water and power production by concentrating solar power (CSP) and desalination plants (CSP + D). First, the cogeneration of electricity and desalinated water from conventional power plants is described to provide a better understanding of the integration processes. Later in the chapter, the CSP plant technologies available are described, focusing particularly on parabolic-trough collectors. Finally, the latest studies related to CSP + D plants and the existing refrigeration systems within CSP plants are expounded.

Preliminary thermoeconomic analysis of combined parabolic trough solar power and desalination plant in port Safaga (Egypt)

Simulation and geometric optimization of a hybrid system of solar chimney and water desalination

Techno-economic analysis of combined concentrating solar power and desalination plant configurations in Israel and Jordan

PV and CSP solar technologies & desalination: economic analysis