Abstract
Real-time city distribution strategies are highly dependent on dynamic environments, requiring timely responses to real-time changes due to various dynamic events that take place in the distribution system. Considering the influence of four kinds of real-time information on vehicle routing and vehicle scheduling, including new requests arriving gradually, old requests being modified or canceled, traffic congestion and vehicle breakdowns, a dynamic vehicle routing model based on a dynamic pick-up and delivery problem considering multiple dynamic events in a real-world environment (DPDP-MDE) is established. A dynamic algorithm framework is designed to solve the problem, the tabu search (TS) algorithm and the adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm are adopted to improve the quality of the initial solution, and the dynamic insertion method is adopted to solve the synchronization problem of unfixed requests (that is, unaccepted customer requests and modified requests) and new requests. The experimental results show that the model and dynamic algorithm framework proposed in this paper can effectively solve the dynamic pick-up and delivery problem with time windows (DPDP-TW). At different scheduling time horizons T, the TS algorithm improves the initial solution by an average of 3.11% and the ALNS algorithm by an average of 9.98%. Under different degrees of urgency, compared to the ALNS algorithm, the quality of the solution produced by the TS algorithm is not high, but the computation time is very small and it is relatively stable. Under different request sizes, the TS algorithm can obtain optimization results in 60s under four request levels, which gives it a significant advantage over the ALNS algorithm.
Highlights
Real-time urban distribution is characterized by pointto-point, small batch and multi-frequency requests, that is, unaccepted customer requests, new additional dynamic requests and modifications of requests, which means there are higher technical requirements for timely responses and high-level flexibility
We considered the influence of four kinds of real-time information, including new requests arriving gradually, old requests being modified or canceled, traffic congestion, and vehicle breakdowns, based on the traditional DPDP-TW issues, in what is known as the dynamic pick-up and delivery problem considering multiple dynamic events (DPDP-MDE) in a real-world environment
The model for the DPDP-TW is constructed based on new requests arriving, old requests being canceled or modified, traffic congestion and vehicle breakdown, forming the so-called DPDP-MDE in a real-world environment
Summary
Real-time urban distribution is characterized by pointto-point, small batch and multi-frequency requests, that is, unaccepted customer requests, new additional dynamic requests and modifications of requests, which means there are higher technical requirements for timely responses and high-level flexibility. Based on the literature review and analysis, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of dynamic events in a real-world environment of new requests arriving gradually, old requests being modified or canceled, traffic congestion and vehicle breakdown to establish the DPDP-MDE model. C. PROPOSED MODEL The pick-up and delivery problem (PDP) in real time with a single mathematical programming model considering four kinds of information – new requests arriving gradually, old requests being modified or canceled, traffic congestion and vehicle breakdown – is proposed as follows: min Z =. A. CONSTRUCTING THE INITIAL SOLUTION Coming from the classic vehicle routing problem, the dynamic pick-up problem based on real-time information is an NP-hard problem with many constraints, as shown, which make the problem more complicated. Since it is very rare to have multiple vehicle breakdowns in one day, such an assumption is realistic and reasonable
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