Abstract
The main features of the dynamic inversion of emulsions containing anionic surfactants are discussed after two experimental formulation-water/oil composition maps. Emulsions inverting under dynamic conditions follow the well-known inversion patterns for equilibrated systems, but at extreme water/oil ratios the dynamic inversion locus— where the so-called catastrophic inversion takes place-depends not only upon the volumetric proportion of the phases, but also on the direction in which this proportion is changed, therefore resulting in a hysteresis phenomenon.The hysteresis zone is shown to depend upon other factors, i.e. formulation and surfactant concentration. The hysteresis band widens as the formulation departs from optimum. On the other hand, an increase in surfactant concentration also widens the hysteresis zone and shifts it away from the unity water/oil ratio, therefore producing emulsions with an even higher internal phase ratio.
Published Version
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