Abstract
The gastric digestion behavior of differently processed goat milks was investigated using a dynamic in vitro gastric digestion model, the human gastric simulator. Homogenization and heat treatment of goat milk resulted in gastric clots with highly fragmented structures. They also delayed the pH reduction during digestion, altered the chemical composition of the clots and the emptied digesta, promoted the release of calcium from the clots, and accelerated the hydrolysis and the emptying of milk proteins. The apparent density of the protein particles and the location of the homogenized fat globules changed during the digestion process, as shown in the emptied digesta of the homogenized goat milks. The effects of processing on the digestion behavior of goat milk were broadly similar to those previously reported for cow milk. However, the overall gastric digestion process of goat milk was more affected by homogenization than by heat treatments.
Highlights
Consumer interest in goat milk and its products has been growing in recent decades
This study aimed to demonstrate the gastric digestion behaviors of differently processed goat milks in a dynamic gastric digestion system
The pH of the homogenized heated milk (HHM) digesta had the slowest reduction among all samples until 180 min of digestion but decreased at the highest rate from 180 to 240 min, resulting in a final pH of 2.12 ± 0.02, lower than those of the pasteurized milk (PM) and homogenized pasteurized milk (HPM) digesta
Summary
Consumer interest in goat milk and its products has been growing in recent decades. The worldwide annual production of goat milk has increased by over 50% during the past 20 yr (Pulina et al, 2018; FAOSTAT, 2021). Goat milk provides an important source of nutrition for people living in developing and remote areas. Its perceived health benefits and the growing connoisseur interest in goat milk products have promoted the growth in goat milk production and demand (Haenlein, 2004; Clark and Mora García, 2017; Roy et al, 2020). Considerable research efforts into understanding the digestion behavior and the digestibility of ruminant milk have been made during recent decades.
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