Dynamic Gene Clusters Mediating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates.

Samy Selim,Mohamed S Almuhayawi,Osama A Mohammed,Osama Ahmed Faried,Mona Warrad,Fayez M Saleh

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11020168

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumanni (A. baumannii), a nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, has recently been associated with a broad range of nosocomial infections. To gain more meaningful insight into the problem of nosocomial illnesses caused by the multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii, as well as the factors that increase the risk of catching these infections, this investigation included a total of 86 clinical A. baumannii infections. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR was used to investigate imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates for dynamic gene clusters causing carbapenem resistance. Four distinct A. baumannii lineages were found in the REP-PCR-DNA fingerprints of all isolates, with 95% of the samples coming from two dominant lineages. Imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were less effective against genotype (A) isolates because of enhanced antibiotic tolerance. Lastly, to gain more insight into the mode of action of imipenem, we explored the binding affinity of imipenem toward different Acinetobacter baumannii OXA beta-lactamase class enzymes.

Highlights

There has recently been a rise in the prevalence of A. baumannii-related skin and soft-tissue infections
Pneumonia caused by community-acquired A. baumannii is much more dangerous than that acquired within the hospital; it is usually fulminant, and fatality rates may reach 60% [8]
Using Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, it was discovered that imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were distributed in five clusters, A, B, C, D, and E, with distribution rates of 45.5% (n = 35/77), 26% (n = 20/77), 19.5%

Summary

Introduction

There has recently been a rise in the prevalence of A. baumannii-related skin and soft-tissue infections A. baumannii may enter the body via a variety of routes, including intravascular catheters, mechanical ventilators, and even open wounds. Male gender, and older age all play a role in A. baumannii-induced infections [4,5]. Additional reports have shown A. baumannii to cause community-acquired diseases, such as pneumonia and bacteremia. Soft-tissue, and eye infections and endocarditis are potential A. baumannii community-acquired diseases [6,7]. Pneumonia caused by community-acquired A. baumannii is much more dangerous than that acquired within the hospital; it is usually fulminant (resulting in death within 8 days of diagnosis), and fatality

Methods

Results

Conclusion