Abstract
BackgroundClassical swine fever (CSF), caused by the Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable disease. However, we are far from fully understand the distribution, tissue tropism, pathogenesis, replication and excretion of CSFV in pigs. In this report, we investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the virus in internal organs of the experimentally infected pigs using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsA relative quantification real-time PCR was established and used to detect the virus load in internal organs of the experimentally infected pigs. The study revealed that the virus was detected in all 21 of the internal organs and blood collected from pigs at day 1 to day 8 post infections, and had an increasing virus load from day 1 to day 8 post infections. However, there was irregular distribution virus load in most internal organs over the first 2 days post infection. Blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum usually contain the highest viral loads, while heart, duodenum and brain show relatively low viral loads.ConclusionsAll the data suggest that CSFV had an increasing virus load from day 1 to day 8 post infections in experimentally infected pigs detected by real-time RT-PCR, which was in consistent with the result of the IHC staining. The data also show that CSFV was likely to reproduce in blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and the ileum, while unlikely to replicate in the heart, duodenum and brain. The results provide a foundation for further clarification of the pathogenic mechanism of CSFV in internal organs, and indicate that blood, lymphoid tissue, pancreas and ileum may be preferred sites of acute infection.
Highlights
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable disease
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), the causative agent of CSF, is a member of the genus Pestivirus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family [1]
The genome contains only a single open reading frame [2]. Both ends of the untranslated regions (UTR) are highly conserved among all virus isolates, which share high similarity with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Border disease virus (BDV). These characteristics pose difficulties in performing conventional method such as fluorescent antibody test (FAT) or antigenELISA to discriminate CSFV from BVDV and BDV, which leads to imbalanced specificity and sensitivity
Summary
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable disease. We investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the virus in internal organs of the experimentally infected pigs using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The genome contains only a single open reading frame [2] Both ends of the untranslated regions (UTR) are highly conserved among all virus isolates, which share high similarity with BVDV and BDV. These characteristics pose difficulties in performing conventional method such as fluorescent antibody test (FAT) or antigenELISA to discriminate CSFV from BVDV and BDV, which leads to imbalanced specificity and sensitivity. It is of importance that the real-time PCR method can accurately detect and quantify the nucleic acids of pathogen [3,4,5]
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