Abstract
This article investigates the influence of random microwave discontinuities on the characteristics of long transmission paths. This is most important for dynamic measuring stands, accompanied by multiple space movement of long transmission paths with their bending or twisting during the measurement process. In modern active electronically scanned arrays this issue also becomes relevant, due to increased requirements for the accuracy of beam shaping. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical background and perform experimental verification for taking into account the effect of random microwave discontinuities on the transmission path characteristics. A method for correcting the effect of such irregularities is considered based on electrical length control by measuring the input reflection coefficient. Relations for the magnitude and phase of the path’s input reflection coefficient depending on the S-parameters of a long four-terminal network terminated with mismatched load are obtained and plotted. Using theory of sensitivity, the mathematical expressions of conditions were obtained to achieve maximum accuracy of measuring the electrical length of a long microwave path. The possibility of dynamic error correction in antenna measurements with a long test path caused by random microwave irregularities along it has been experimentally proved.
Highlights
At present, various microwave systems are being developed, which require high stability of the oscillation signal parameters
Relations were obtained indicating the need to correct random errors at the output of long microwave transmission lines found in both active electronically scanned arrays (AESA) feeding systems and measuring systems
Comparing mathematical models of two classes of excitation systems (4) and (6), we can conclude that the accuracy of phase stabilization of the output signal in first class systems is determined by difference in electrical lengths of the channels, the phase noise of the source, as well as channels themselves
Summary
Various microwave systems are being developed, which require high stability of the oscillation signal parameters Such systems include, for example, active electronically scanned arrays (AESA) [1,2], providing a narrow radiation pattern (RP). On the other hand it can be monopulse antenna arrays, which have a high value of difference pattern null slope, and a high resolution It expands the accessible amount of information about the propagation of electromagnetic waves from sources of radiation or reflection in the space around. The aims of the work were to systematize the theoretical aspects of taking into account the influence of random factors on the characteristics of long measurement paths, develop an error correction mechanism and verify the proposed calibration method. Relations were obtained indicating the need to correct random errors at the output of long microwave transmission lines found in both AESA feeding systems and measuring systems
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