Abstract
BackgroundPostprandial nutrients utilization and metabolism of a certain diet is a complicated process. The metabolic feature of pigs after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets are largely unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the dynamic postprandial changes of plasma metabolic profile using growing pigs using metabolomics.MethodsTwenty-four growing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) about 30 kg were placed in metabolic cages and then fitted with precaval vein catheters. Pigs were fed daily 4% of initial body weight. Two experimental diets were included: (i) a starch-casein based purified diet (PD) and (ii) a common corn-soybean meal diet (CD). Plasma was collected before feeding and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after feeding.ResultsIn both diets, compared to prior to feeding, the concentrations of glucose, most amino acids, metabolites such as 5-aminopentanoic acid, pipecolic acid, ornithine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were significantly increased in plasma during the first hour, whereas the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, glutamate, glycine, palmitelaidic acid, 13-HODE and oleic acid were decreased in the first hour. Compared with PD group, concentration of plasma leucine and isoleucine declined at 30 min in CD group. Plasma linoleic acid, sphingosine and many dipeptides were significantly higher in pigs fed CD.ConclusionMost significant metabolic changes occurred during the first hour after feeding and then became relatively stable after 2 h in both diets. These results show a broad scope picture of postprandial changes in plasma metabolites after intake of PD and CD and could be a reference for further nutrition intervention as well as the design of nutritional studies.
Highlights
Postprandial nutrients utilization and metabolism of a certain diet is a complicated process
The concentrations of total amino acid (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) after corn-soybean meal diet (CD) intake was higher at 8 h than before feeding (P < 0.05) while the concentrations of TAA and EAA after purified diet (PD) intake was lower at 8 h than before feeding (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2a)
The branched-chain amino acid showed a similar trend with TAA and EAA after PD intake (Fig. 2c), but after CD intake, the leucine and isoleucine decreased at 30 min (P < 0.05), increased and peaked at 2 h (Fig. 2d)
Summary
Postprandial nutrients utilization and metabolism of a certain diet is a complicated process. The metabolic feature of pigs after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets are largely unknown. Nutritional science mainly investigates the physiological and metabolic response to different nutrients and focuses on improvements through nutritional (diet) intervention [1]. The physiological and biochemical response to the intake of a certain diet are an inherently complicated process [2, 3]. Casein and starch are used as protein and energy source for various purposes [9]. Dietary amino acid and energy supplied from casein and corn starch-based diets were conventionally used as purified diet to check the responses to nutrients intake [10]
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