Abstract
Within the framework of Migr’Hycar research project, the fate of oil spill was studied with the aim to characterize their physical-chemical behaviour. For this purpose, seven petroleum oils commercially available were tested and the distributions of the water soluble components were determined according to two experimental devices; laboratory conditions and pilot conditions in Polludrome. In the dissolved fraction, 41 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivates were quantified, among them are 16 EPA priority pollutants. A coupling of the stir bar sorptive extraction method and high performance gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used. Analyses showed that naphthalenes series constitute the major part of the water soluble fraction from fresh oils. In fact, light and heavy molecules have different contributions to solubilization kinetics. From the results, a linear correlation was established between the density of oils and the times of maximum solubilization. Moreover, the effect of 10% ethanol in gasoline was observed on the profile of solubilized PAHs in water. Kinetic patterns obtained with Polludrome showed the influence of surface water/oil ratio (WOR) on the volatilization process. Compared to laboratory conditions, the dynamic conditions of Polludrome led to an enhanced evaporation process, thus shifting the solubility peak.
Highlights
The effects of crude oils and petroleum products in the marine environment have been extensively studied since the 1970s
Influence of the Oil/Water Ratio (OWR) Figure 13 illustrates the kinetics obtained for 3 different OWRs, corresponding respectively to 10, 50 and 200 mL poured onto the water surface
The observed kinetics must be interpreted as the result of competition between evaporation, solubilization and volatilization
Summary
The effects of crude oils and petroleum products in the marine environment have been extensively studied since the 1970s. About 90% of the reported spills were greater than 7 tons, and approximately 600 tons of industrial oils were discharged in 2002 in France [1]. Within the framework of the Migr’Hycar project, experiments under controlled conditions were conducted to evaluate the dissolved oil evolution in water. This water soluble fraction is mainly composed of PAHs such as naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes, which have a high bio-availability towards marine organisms, causing potential toxic effects [2]
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