Abstract
The dynamic and static gelation process in porous media of the phenol formaldehyde resin gel was studied for successful application in conformance control and water shutoff. Shear rate was the most important factor affecting the dynamic gelation in porous media. Compare to static gelation in ampoule bottles and in porous media, the dynamic gelation time in porous media was extended by 2–6 times. The ability of migration and plugging after dynamic gelation was controlled by system concentration. The porous media permeability was the key factor for dynamic gelling time and strength. The quantitative relationship equation was established between dynamic gelling strength and permeability to choose the appropriate permeability for polymer gel treatment.
Highlights
The proven technology of water shutoff and conformance control used polymer gel has been widely introduced to block the high permeable zone, realize in-depth flow diversion and enhance sweep efficiency (James et al, 2003; Mercado et al, 2009; Ojukwu et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2019; Zhou et al, 2020)
Several kinds of polymer gels have been used in oilfield, including inorganic metal ions gel system (McCool et al, 2009), Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (PFR) gel system (Banerjee et al, 2006), polyethyleneimine gel system (Al-Muntasheri et al, 2009) and so on
The method of measuring viscosity versus time was used to determine the gelation time, which was divided into Initial Gelation Time (IGT) and Final Gelation Time (FGT)
Summary
The proven technology of water shutoff and conformance control used polymer gel has been widely introduced to block the high permeable zone, realize in-depth flow diversion and enhance sweep efficiency (James et al, 2003; Mercado et al, 2009; Ojukwu et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2019; Zhou et al, 2020). Several kinds of polymer gels have been used in oilfield, including inorganic metal ions gel system (McCool et al, 2009), Phenol Formaldehyde Resin (PFR) gel system (Banerjee et al, 2006), polyethyleneimine gel system (Al-Muntasheri et al, 2009) and so on. Among these gel systems, due to the controllable gelation time and stable plugging ability, the PFR gel is widely used in conformance control and water plugging operations in oil fields. There have been many researches on the static gelation of PFR gel in ampoule bottles and porous media. Seright and Martin (1993) and Bryant et al (1997) studied the impact of pH, rock permeability and lithology on the performance of PFR gel. Bryant et al (1998) studied the injectivity of PFR gelant in porous media. Albonico et al (1995) studied the effects of pH, temperature, concentrations of polymer and crosslinker on gelation, injectivity of gelant and thermal stability in bulk and in porous media. Herbas et al (2004) and Banerjee et al (2006) studied the reaction rate of PFR gel and effects of pH and temperature on reaction rate
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