Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum C29 and DW2009 (C29-fermented soybean) alleviate cognitive impairment through the modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, we examined whether combining donepezil, a well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with C29 or DW2009 could synergistically alleviate cognitive impairment in mice. Oral administration of donepezil combined with or without C29 (DC) or DW2009 (DD) alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment-like behaviors more strongly than treatment with each one alone. Their treatments significantly suppressed the NF-κB+/Iba1+ (activated microglia) population, NF-κB activation, and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression in the hippocampus, while the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)+/NeuN+ cell population and BDNF expression increased. Their treatments strongly suppressed LPS-induced colitis. Moreover, they increased the Firmicutes population and decreased the Cyanobacteria population in gut microbiota. Of these, DD most strongly alleviated cognitive impairment, followed by DC. In conclusion, DW2009 may synergistically or additively increase the effect of donepezil against cognitive impairment and colitis by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression.
Highlights
The effects of C29 and DW2009 on LPS-induced cognitive impairment was examined in mice (Figure 1)
We investigated whether the alleviation of LPS-induced cognitive impairment by oral administration of donepezil, donepezil and C29 (DC), or donepezil and DW2009 (DD) was associated with gut microbiota
Anti-inflammatory agents, such as resveratrol, protect cognitive impairment. These results suggest that substances that can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation may be useful for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy
Summary
The pathophysiology of AD is still unclear, except for the genetic inheritance [2]
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