DURABILITY PERFORMANCE OF HPC CONTAINING MK AND GGBS FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW

Abstract

High performance concrete (HPC) is designed to serve certain purpose and overcome certain environmental condition that normal concrete cannot achieve. Many supplementary materials in varieties of proportions have been incorporated to make HPC. This review study considered the partial replacement of cement by Metakaolin (MK) and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS). It provides information on the composition of marine environments and the mineral reactive admixtures as well as their usage while highlighting their behavior relating to chloride ion penetration, sulfate attacks and permeability. The scope of this study considers outstanding research articles, from 1980 to 2022, as well as major books on Marine Environment, Concrete Technology and Civil Engineering Handbooks as to reveal the various techniques that engineers and researchers have used to optimize concrete performance in marine environment. This study found out that the incorporation of MK and GGBS greatly improves HPC in marine environment but the pattern of their influence varies per the durability parameter; the increment in quantity of each mineral admixture incorporated in the concrete were found to have either progressive or retrogressive effect towards chloride ion diffusion and gas permeability but progressive enhancement trend when resisting sulfate attacks. Also, water to binder ratio greatly influence the HPC in relation to the admixtures. It is concluded that MK level from 10% to 15% and GGBS level from 40% to 60% have optimal performance in most harsh conditions of marine environment.