Abstract
This paper studies the durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with high Blast Furnace Slag content (BFS) and nanoadditives such as crystalline admixture (CA), alumina nanofibres (ANF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions: 1) three aggressive media: a) deionized water (dw), b) sulphate rich solution (ss) and c) simulated geothermal water (sgw) containing sulphate and chloride; 2) two water interaction conditions: a) static and b) dynamic (water impact); and 3) with and without the presence of cracks. Durability was analysed over 24 months, measuring several physical and chemical parameters of the system, recording changes in both the aggressive media and the concrete. All UHPFRC types demonstrate good durability, showing high resistance to expansion and deformation in the sulphate-rich media. A leaching process occurs in all water interaction systems, the dynamic interaction in sgw being the most aggressive. The interaction of sgw inside the crack favours the formation of solid phases such as calcium carbonates and ettringite, while the presence of nanoadditives affects the response of both the matrix and the formation of precipitates within the crack.
Highlights
This paper studies the durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with high Blast Furnace Slag content (BFS) and nanoadditives such as crystalline admixture (CA), alumina nanofibres (ANF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions: 1) three aggressive media: a) deionized water, b) sulphate rich solution and c) simulated geothermal water containing sulphate and chloride; 2) two water interaction conditions: a) static and b) dynamic; and 3) with and without the presence of cracks
The following conclusions are derived from the present study regarding the influence of aggressive media, the presence of cracks and ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concretes (UHPFRC) nanoadditives:
The electrical conductivity of the leaching medium is mainly affected by its initial ion content and the ions leached from the UHPFRCs studied due to chemical interactions
Summary
This paper studies the durability of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with high Blast Furnace Slag content (BFS) and nanoadditives such as crystalline admixture (CA), alumina nanofibres (ANF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), exposed to different aggressive environmental conditions: 1) three aggressive media: a) deionized water (dw), b) sulphate rich solution (ss) and c) simulated geothermal water (sgw) containing sulphate and chloride; 2) two water interaction conditions: a) static and b) dynamic (water impact); and 3) with and without the presence of cracks. The traditional material, known as conventional concrete (CC), has been improved continuously through the optimal use and dosage of its components (cement, water, mineral additions, fibres or additives) in order to enhance its performance, and upgraded as Ultra High Performance Concretes (UHPC) [2, 3]. In this sense, ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concretes (UHPFRC) satisfy the demands of today’s construction by including different types of fibres [4]. These two parameters could accelerate ion transport and interaction, leading to the destruction of concrete components and their integrity and reducing the service life of concrete structures [14]
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