Abstract
Titanium alloys are extensively applied in biomedical industries due to their excellent material properties. However, they are recognized as difficult to cut materials due to their low thermal conductivity, which induces a complexity to their deformation mechanisms and restricts precise productions. This paper presents a new observation about the removal regime of titanium alloys. The experimental results, including the chip formation, thrust force signal and surface profile, showed that there was a critical cutting distance to achieve better surface integrity of machined surface. The machined areas with better surface roughness were located before the clear transition point, defining as the ductile to brittle transition. The machined area at the brittle region displayed the fracture deformation which showed cracks on the surface edge. The relationship between depth of cut and the ductile to brittle transaction behavior of titanium alloys in ultra-precision machining(UPM) was also revealed in this study, it showed that the ductile to brittle transaction behavior of titanium alloys occurred mainly at relatively small depth of cut. The study firstly defines the ductile to brittle transition behavior of titanium alloys in UPM, contributing the information of ductile machining as an optimal machining condition for precise productions of titanium alloys.
Highlights
Titanium alloys are applied widely in aerospace and medical industries because of their superior material properties such as high strength and fracture resistance[1,2,3,4]
We reported that there was a ductile deformation region on the machined surface of titanium alloys which showed a lower level of elastic recovery and better surface integrity, and it was highly depended on depth of cut
Cook[27] explained the relationship between the chip morphology and cutting temperature in the cutting process of titanium alloys; when the thermal softening effect in the primary deformation zone was dominant over the strain hardening effect, the chip would appear as a serrated shape
Summary
Titanium alloys are applied widely in aerospace and medical industries because of their superior material properties such as high strength and fracture resistance[1,2,3,4] They become one of the most popular medical alloys and they are used in different complex forms such as cylinder, bar, plate, sheet and stripe[5] in the real applications. In response to the material property of low thermal conductivity of titanium alloys, a sharp transition point is expected to appear on the machined surface under cutting at the same level of depth of cut. The present study firstly defines the ductile to brittle deformation mechanism and the critical cutting distance of titanium alloys in UPM, providing the information of optimal machining condition in precision machining of titanium alloys
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