Abstract
BackgroundChrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the plant’s most destructive diseases. Dual RNA-seq was performed to simultaneously assess their transcriptomes to analyze the potential interaction mechanism between the two species, i.e., host and pathogen.ResultsC. morifolium and A. alternata were subjected to dual RNA-seq at 1, 12, and 24 h after inoculation, and differential expression genes (DEGs) in both species were identified. This analysis confirmed 153,532 DEGs in chrysanthemum and 14,932 DEGs in A. alternata, which were involved in plant-fungal interactions and phytohormone signaling. Fungal DEGs such as toxin synthesis related enzyme and cell wall degrading enzyme genes played important roles during chrysanthemum infection. Moreover, a series of key genes highly correlated with the early, middle, or late infection stage were identified, together with the regulatory network of key genes annotated in the Plant Resistance Genes database (PRGdb) or Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI-base). Highly correlated genes were identified at the late infection stage, expanding our understanding of the interplay between C. morifolium and A. alternata. Additionally, six DEGs each from chrysanthemum and A. alternata were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays to validate the RNA-seq output.ConclusionsCollectively, data obtained in this study enriches the resources available for research into the interactions that exist between chrysanthemum and A. alternata, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the development of new chrysanthemum cultivars with resistance to pathogen.
Highlights
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the plant’s most destructive diseases
We hoped to gain insights into the interaction between C. morifolium and A. alternata, and to investigate the potential pathogenesis of A. alternata, as well as the defense mechanism of C. morifolium, which would benefit in inhibiting fungal pathogenicity or breed resistant chrysanthemum cultivars
A total of 153,532 and 14,932 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified in chrysanthemum and A. alternata, respectively
Summary
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) black spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the plant’s most destructive diseases. Dual RNA-seq was performed to simultaneously assess their transcriptomes to analyze the potential interaction mechanism between the two species, i.e., host and pathogen. Chrysanthemum, one of the most commercially important ornamental crops worldwide, is widely used as cut flowers, potted plants, and in landscaping. It carries a long history of cultivation, high ornamental, edible, and medicinal value [1]. A better understanding of the defense mechanisms employed by chrysanthemum in response to A. alternata will help design new and safer control strategies, as well as develop resistant cultivars. By performing dual RNA-seq analysis on chrysanthemum and A. alternata simultaneously, we can understand changes in transcriptional expression related to chrysanthemum defense against A. alternata. We can determine which A. alternata genes interact with chrysanthemum and analyze the molecular response of A. alternata-infected plants
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