Abstract
Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is a well-known plant drug in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. It has been used for the treatment of various diseases, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. However, the scientific rationale and mechanisms by which it functions in these diseases is not known. This study was designed to explore the inhibitory activity of Adhatoda vasica aqueous and butanolic fractions on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. For this purpose aqueous and butanolic fractions of Adhatoda vasica were screened for the presence of activities against arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites and their effectiveness was further evaluated by studying platelet aggregation induced by a AA, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet activating factor (PAF), and collagen. AA metabolism was studied by thin layer chromatography system while platelet aggregation was measured by dual channel Lumi aggregometer. Aqueous fraction of Adhatoda vasica but not of butanolic fraction inhibited the AA metabolites through COX pathway (TXB2) and LOX pathway (LP1 and 12-HETE). However, in platelet aggregation studies butanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica showed strong inhibition against AA, PAF and collagen induce aggregation but not against ADP. Aqueous fraction of Adhatoda vasica was active against none of the four aggregating agents. Adhatoda vasica possesses components which can inhibit AA metabolism and platelet aggregation. This may be one of the underlying mechanisms of their antiinflammatory effects.
Highlights
Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees is a shrub 1–2.5 m high with opposite ascending branches
In this study we screened aqueous and butanolic fractions of Adhatoda vasica for the presence of inhibitory constituents against arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and platelet aggregation.COX is the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin synthesis, converting AA into prostaglandin H2, which is further metabolized to prostaglandin E2, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and other eicosanoids
When aqueous fraction of Adhatoda vasica was tested against COX pathway of AA metabolism, it was effective against COX metabolite thromboxane B2 (TXB2)
Summary
Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees (family Acanthaceae) is a shrub 1–2.5 m high with opposite ascending branches. Vasica has resulted in its inclusion in the WHO manual The Use of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care, which is intended for health workers in South-East Asia to keep them informed of the therapeutic utility of their surrounding flora (World Health Organization, 1990). Vasicine showed bronchodilatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. The main metabolite of vasicine and present in Adhatoda vasica extract, showed bronchoconstriction in vivo. Studies are carried out on AA metabolism through COX and LOX pathways and effects on COX enzyme was further evaluated by studying human platelet aggregation
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