Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Activities of Avena Sativa are Mediated through the Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Enzymes

Saima Gul,Sagheer Ahmed,Muhammad Hanif Bangash,Humera Gul

doi:10.29052/ijehsr.v1.i2.2013.62-65

Saima Gul, Sagheer Ahmed + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.29052/ijehsr.v1.i2.2013.62-65

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Abstract

Avena sativa (AS) is a well-known food crop and an important medicinal plant. It has been used for the treatment of various diseases, particularly for the treatment of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. However, the scientific rationale and mechanisms by which it functions in these diseases is still un- known. This study was designed to explore the inhibitory activity of AS aqueous, n-hexane and butanolic fractions on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. For this purpose these fractions of AS were screened for the presence of activities against AA metabolites and their effectiveness was further evaluated by studying platelet aggregation induced by AA, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet activating factor (PAF), and collageAA metabolism was studied by thin layer chromatography system while platelet aggregation was measured by dual channel Lumiaggregometer.Aqueous and n-hexane fractions of AS were totally ineffective against AA metabolism and platelet aggregation. However, butanolic fraction inhibited the AA metabolites- thromboxane B2 (TXB2) through cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and lipoxygenase product-1 (LP-1) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (12-HETE) through lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Similarly butanolic fraction of AS showed strong inhibition against AA, PAF-induced aggregation but was less potent against ADP.AS possesses components which can inhibit AA metabolism and platelet aggregation. This may be one of the underlying mechanisms of their actions in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.

Highlights

Avena sativa (AS) is an annual crop used for nutrition by human and animal and even before being used as a food, it was used as a medicinal plant (Butt, 2008)
Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and platelet activating factor (PAF) was inhibited significantly by the butanolic fraction compared to the negative control group
These results showed that butanolic fraction inhibited AA-induced aggregation preferentially than that induced by any other agent

Summary

Introduction

AS (oat) is an annual crop used for nutrition by human and animal and even before being used as a food, it was used as a medicinal plant (Butt, 2008). Traditional medicinal uses of AS include improving cognitive performance and mental health (Wichtl, 2002). AS reduces both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as total cholesterol (Truswell, 2002). AS reduces blood pressure (Saltzman, 2001) and used to treat stress, tension, excitation and anxiety (Schellekens, 2009). AS is reported to improve endothelial function (Katz, 2001), and indicated in cardiovascular diseases as well as some metabolic diseases such as diabetes (Feng, 2013). Studies by various investigators suggest that inhibition of platelet aggregation is a common feature of a number of medicinal plant used traditionally in cardiovascular diseases (Gul, 2010, Zia-Ul-Haq, 2012a,b, Hussain, , 2010, Imran, 2102). In the present investigation, studies are carried out to screen AS against human platelet aggregation induced by diversity of agonists and on AA metabolism through COX and LOX pathways

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