Abstract
This paper addressesthe problem of real-time state estimation in European-type four-wire low-voltage distribution networks with advanced metering infrastructure based on power line communication (PLC). The main drawback of this type of infrastructure is its high latency and a sequential data sampling process. Both factors make it difficult to obtain instantaneous values from the smart meters in a timely and adequate manner to estimate the real-time state of the system. This problem may be solved in the future with the deployment of metering systems based on other technologies such as 5G. However, PLC technology prevails in many countries, and is not likely to be replaced in the medium term. In the meantime, a solution is needed to provide acceptable real-time state estimates in low voltage networks, not to hinder the active management of these assets in the context of smart grids. In this work, a solution is proposed that allows estimating the state of the low voltage network with a reasonable accuracy considering the low quality of the measurements provided by the deployed infrastructure. The system is validated using a portion of a real pilot network located in the north of Spain fed by a transformer station with seven feeders.
Highlights
A LTHOUGH TSSE is widely used since the 1970s [1], DSSE still faces some challenges
The LVDSs are the crucial parts of the application developments employed in SGs
The usage of the DSSE in distribution networks has been belated because of two factors: the first was the lack of prevalent measurements in distribution systems and the second is the weak requirement for active management of the distribution network
Summary
A LTHOUGH TSSE is widely used since the 1970s [1], DSSE still faces some challenges. The LVDSs are the crucial parts of the application developments employed in SGs. To fulfil the requirements of deploying the SG at a large scale, the DSSE must be able to carry out two main tasks: 1) merging measurement data with various qualities to achieve an accurate state estimate and 2) manipulate the huge number of measurement data transmitted by meter devices [2]. The usage of the DSSE in distribution networks has been belated because of two factors: the first was the lack of prevalent measurements in distribution systems and the second is the weak requirement for active management of the distribution network. For effective SG deployment, DSSE is necessary to provide the vital information for different active and advanced applications such as, but not limited to, real-time monitoring and control, enabling the full capacity of DTs, voltage regulation, feeder reconfiguration and restoration along with DG, demand response, capacitor switching [4], [5]
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