Drying behavior of prina (crude olive cake) using different types of dryers

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to investigate the drying kinetics and determine the suitable drying method of prina, which is obtained after pressing of olives in olive oil factories, and which cannot be used efficiently in certain sectors. Drying experiments were performed at drying temperatures of 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C at a fixed air velocity of 2 m/s using a hot air dryer and with microwave powers of 90 W, 360 W, and 600 W using a microwave dryer. The prina layer thicknesses were selected as 7, 9, and 11 mm for both drying methods. The minimum energy consumption values were measured as 42.0 Wh for 600 W power level and 7 mm layer thickness, and 10260 Wh for 7 mm layer thickness and 80°C temperatures. It was found that energy consumption during hot air drying was more than that of microwave drying. As a result, the suitable dryer and thickness of layer were selected as microwave dryer and 7 mm, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed that the most suitable model to define the drying behavior of prina samples were found to be the Page model for the microwave dryer and Wang & Singh model for the hot air dryer. Also, penetration depth, the loss tangent value (tanδ), dielectric constant of material (ϵı), and dielectric loss factor (ϵıı) of dried prina were calculated as 34.51 cm, 0.1059, 75.65, and 8.01, at 2450 MHz, respectively.