Drugs and memory disorders in human aging

Abstract

A review of the effects of drugs on learning and memory disorders in aging humans is presented. Studies using nonaged adults have been included where studies on aged subjects are not available or where it is indicated that such drugs may prove to be beneficial in alleviating memory disorders of the aged. The survey of treatments includes the major classes of drugs which have been used as therapeutic or experimental agents for deficits in mental functioning in the aged. These may be categorized as stimulants (e.g., amphetamine and related drugs), depressants (e.g., sedative-hypnotics), somatic therapies (nutritional, hormonal, and cerebrovascular), and miscellaneous agents (e.g., oxygen therapy). Of the drugs examined the most promising are (1) sympathomimetic amines, because their enhancement of performance might provide optimal stimulation for the elderly; (2) antidepressants, since depression may retard mental functioning; and (3) cerebrovascular agents, which may reverse the effects of compromised cerebral circulation. As yet, no treatment has unequivocably been shown to improve mental functioning. Faulty experimental technique may in part account for this. In a final critique section, problems with subject selection, drug administration and testing are outlined. The authors propose that with refinement of technique and good longitudinal research, deficits of aging may be compensated for by judicious pharmacotherapy.