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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem, worsened by an increased frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) launched the Global Project on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance to measure the prevalence of drug resistance. Data from the global reports on resistance to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs have shown that drug resistance still presents worldwide and that MDR-TB is present in almost all the world. Though the Global Project (WHO) has been operating since 1994, very few countries and states have reported new information. Data from repeated surveys employing comparable methodologies over several years are essential to determine with any certainty in which direction the prevalence of drug resistance is moving. Drug-resistant tuberculosis and MDR-TB have been identified in Mexico, even with the existence of a National Tuberculosis Program based on Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS). This review discusses available surveillance data on drug susceptibility data for TB in different states of Mexico.
Highlights
The emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a difficult problem to solve and is one of the greatest threats to public health worldwide [1,2]
We have previously reported the prevalence of resistance to the five first-line drugs in Sinaloa State; resistance to at least one anti-tuberculosis drug was
Despite the existence of DOTS, Mexico is not exempt from the problems that represent the emergence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains
Summary
The emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs is a difficult problem to solve and is one of the greatest threats to public health worldwide [1,2]. The control measure suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) [7], has demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing the emergence of drug-resistant TB [8] This strategy has, presented failures of important magnitude in TB-resistant populations presenting a poor response to short-term treatment with standard first-line drugs. The WHO estimates that about one third of the world's population (approximately 1.7 billion people) is infected with M. tuberculosis [12] and 9 million people develop active TB every year, with 3 million deaths [13,14] Due to this epidemiological situation, in 1993 the WHO considered TB a global public health emergency.
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