Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of common antibiotics against different microorganisms in apparently healthy cattle in Shandong province and its suburb. A total of 220 nasal swab samples were collected and cultured for bacteriological evaluation. All the bacteria isolates after preliminary identification were subjected to antibiogram studies following disc diffusion method. It was found in the study that E. coli is the most commonly associated isolate (21%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp (12%), and Proteus spp (11%). While the antibiogram studies reveled that highest number of bacterial isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (95%), followed by Augmentin (91%), Cefuroxime (85%) and Tetracycline (95%) of (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp). In the case of pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella the highest resistance was showed by Ampicillin (90%) followed by Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (80%), Cefixime (90%), and Erythromycin (80%). In Shigella spp and Salmonella spp highest resistance was showed by Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Augmentin (60%), and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (50%). It is concluded that in vitro antibiogram studies of bacterial isolates revealed higher resistance for Ampicillin, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid. The high multiple Antibiotics resistance indexes (MARI) observed in all the isolates in this study ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. MARI value of >0.2 is suggests multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and indicate presence of highly resistant bacteria.
Highlights
Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is the most common mechanism of resistance to third‐generation cephalosporin’s among Enterobacteriaceae family including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (Pitout and Laupland, 2008)
Whereas E. coli was the most frequently recovered (21%), bacteria followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp. (12%), and Proteus spp. (11%) as shown in (Figure 1), and Supplementary Materials (Table 1)
The resistance revealed that the isolates (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) are highly resistance to Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Augmentin, and Cefuroxime, as shown in (Figure 2), and Supplementary Materials (Table 2)
Summary
Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases is the most common mechanism of resistance to third‐generation cephalosporin’s among Enterobacteriaceae family including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli (Pitout and Laupland, 2008). The recent incidence associated to these bacterial isolates, in companion animals and in livestock, has got the concentration for its monitoring studies in livestock (Smet et al, 2010). Β-lactamases producing E. coli isolates are being frequently detected in foodproducing animals, which can become infection sources or reservoirs of these pathogenic bacteria and enhance the spread of these bacteria (Carattoli, 2008). Antimicrobial agents are used therapeutically in animals and humans for the control of bacterial infections and is being incorporated into commercial livestock feed at sub therapeutic doses for growth promotion (Berghiche et al, 2018). The uses of antibiotics have significantly reduced mortality associated with infectious diseases in 20th century; but their massive and irregulated uses, in animal farming, has led to the emergence of bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR) (Berghiche, 2019). Regardless of the source, antibiotics resistance has been on raise and recently, has been projected to be among the major killer that will contribute to death of more than 10 million people annually by 2050 if the threat is not contained (de Kraker et al, 2016)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
