Abstract
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is a diagnostic tool to assess the upper airway of snorers and obstructive sleep apnea patients in conditions that mimic natural sleep. Although DISE appears simple and similar to awake endoscopy, there are many aspects that need to be standardized in order to obtain reliable and reproducible information. In this article, we will recommend how to reliably perform DISE, its indications, and how to obtain and interpret the information of the upper airway.
Highlights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common health problem that is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbimortality, a decrease in quality of life, and a higher risk of traffic accidents due to hypersomnolence [1,2]
In the European position paper on Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), and its later update, Ear, Nose and throat (ENT) experts on DISE put in their collective opinion and recommended possible set-up and techniques for DISE to be reliably practiced in different centers [6,8]
One must be aware that sedation levels observed with these devices are an estimate of actual sedation, as some people are not well sedated at those recommended levels, the majority of adult people are
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common health problem that is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbimortality, a decrease in quality of life, and a higher risk of traffic accidents due to hypersomnolence [1,2]. With the aid of sedation, the UA can be observed dynamically to allow the sleep surgeon to have an accurate idea of what is happening during sleep and the possible treatment options. Other diagnostic tools such as MRI or CT scan under sedation are possible. Healthcare 2019, 7, 93 or changes in the position during sleep MRI or CT scan are almost impossible For this reason, drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) has spread all over the world and is the preferred diagnostic technique to assess the UA of patients who snore or have OSA in a state that simulates natural sleep [6]
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