Abstract
Drug design is a long and costly process taking many stages; start with target identification passing through target validation, lead identification, and candidate optimization of pre-clinical and clinical trials. Drug design types depend on screening of a large number of molecules to distinguish and can select the most effective drug with high pharmaceutical effect. Ligand and Structure Based Drug Design are the two types of drug design. The drug takes journey when administered into the body through several ways (oral, inhalation, Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM)) to deliver its target site. Twenty years ago, Computational strategies applied to understand particular target molecules with hits achieving lead target and that helps in lead Identification and Optimization stages of drug design and development. Screening, molecular modification and rational drug design are the three approaches to search for a modern drug. Bioinformatics plays a vital role in the discovery of drug as Bioinformatics includes both the programmed preparing of huge amounts of existing information and the creation of modern sorts of data resource. Both required in case the information is to be changed into data and utilized to assist in drug discovery. This work will discuss what is the meaning of drug design? What are the stages of drug design? What are the drug design types? Computer- Aided Drug Design (CAAD), Approaches in the search for a new drug, What is the journey of drug to deliver its target site? What are the methods of drug delivery? And will discuss the recommended antiviral therapy in the management of COVID-19.
Highlights
The drug is a small organic molecule that has a role in stimulating another biomolecule or blocking its function like protein, which leads to a therapeutic benefit for the patient, so drug design by includes designing molecules that relate to and interact with the biomolecular target, and which complement it in shape and charge [1]
Often the computer is used in drug design - this type of design is called computer aided design, but it is not necessary to rely entirely on it
Drug delivery is a pharmaceutical process to achieve a therapeutic effect in a person or animal in order to deliver the active material to the place to be treated
Summary
The drug is a small organic molecule that has a role in stimulating another biomolecule or blocking its function like protein, which leads to a therapeutic benefit for the patient, so drug design by includes designing molecules that relate to and interact with the biomolecular target, and which complement it in shape and charge [1]. The selection of a target is the result of this activity, that require more validation to progression into the phase of lead discovery in order to verify effort of drug discovery as shown in (figure 1). The search finds a drug-like small molecule that called development candidate that will lead to preclinical, and if it is successful, will progress to clinical development as shown in (Figure 2) and go to market [4]. The hit discovery process (or lead identification) after target validation, ‘hit’ is a molecule that has the desired activity identified after screening as shown in (table 1). 3. Types of Drug Design Drug discovery and design based type depends on screening of huge number of molecules to distinguish and select an effective drug. The ligand-based computer-aided drug discovery (LB-CADD) approach includes the examination of ligands known to associate with a target of intrigued.
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