Abstract
Drowning is a global problem, and is among the main causes of death in the world, and the elderly are part of this new reality as a special group who also suffer submersion accidents. The aim of this study was to analyze deaths due to drowning in the elderly in the state of Paraíba from 2005 to 2015. This is a retrospective, descriptive study associated with spatial analysis of regions with a higher incidence of drowning in people aged 60 years or older in the state of Paraíba. Data were collected from the IML (Gemol and Numol) records from 2005 to 2015, totaling 80 cases of drowning. Sociodemographic characteristics such as age group, gender, spatiality and local description of the occurrence (rivers, dams, sea, waterfall, cacimbas, dams and domestic environments), care provider, file of the Legal Medical Institute of the Scientific Police, international code of diseases – ICD 10 (code W74), shift of occurrence. As results we located the region of Mari sector of the wild region of Paraíba – Açude Olho D’agua (Latitude 7.11º S and Longitude 35.2º ), was the place with the highest number of drownings, where dams/lakes (55%), male (91%), married (46%), aged between 60 and 69 years (60%), the local population made the first care (41%), 14h was of higher occurrence (11%), and on Sundays (29%). We can conclude that drowning occurs in several aquatic scenarios, and in this study occurred in fresh water, several factors were associated with drowning in the elderly, such as cognition deficits, polypharmaceuticals and physical limitations, such outcomes can help encourage protection policies for this group as well as family members guide in freshwater regions and accentuate care.
Highlights
Research conducted by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2016) estimate that around 370,000 people died from drowning, and of these more than 90% were from low- and middleincome countries
The results describe in the region of the wild region of Paraíba, located in the city of Mari, near Guarabira, the açude Olho D’agua (Latitude 7.11o S and Longitude 35.2o W) as having the highest number of deaths from drowning in dams (43.21%), and the elderly males (91%) as the most affected, being married in 44.44% of the cases, with a mean age ± 68.93 years
In the attendance forms were described the cardiac conditions as the presence of calcification on examination and reduction of cardiac mass, the cadaveric data observed in the study showed the presence of cadaveric stiffness (65%), cold skin (100%), water in the respiratory tract (100%), anserine skin (90%), foam mushroom (67%), contents inside the larynx/trachea was foamy with thrubbery residues (54%), presence of liquid content inside the stomach (100%), putrefaction was observed in 12% of cases
Summary
Research conducted by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2016) estimate that around 370,000 people died from drowning, and of these more than 90% were from low- and middleincome countries. In Brazil, according to data from the Brazilian Society of Aquatic Rescue – Sobrasa, subtracted from Datasus, we had 5,692 cases of drowning death in 2017, among children and adults, and events occur in various locations, such as sea, river, dams, lakes and various aquatic sites (MURRAY, 2016; SPILZMAN, 2018; DATASUS, 2017). Factors such as the extensive Brazilian coastal coast and the evolution in the number of cases of accidents associated with drowning, have presented alarming data in the scenario of drownings in the regions of Brazil, especially in freshwater regions. The expectation is that the number of people over 60 years of age, by 2050, will exceed the number of Brazilians under the age of 29, focusing on a phenomenon classified as a population aging process (IBGE, 2018)
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