Abstract
Crops drought tolerance is a trait of outmost importance for agriculture especially today when climate change is affecting more the production for food and feed. The scope of this article is to evaluate in vitro drought stress response of Nicotiana tabacum L., “Baladi”. The experiment was set up for four successive stages starting with in vitro seedling development, hypocotyl cultivation, three generations of micropropagation, pre-acclimatization and acclimatization. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and/or polyethylene-glycol 6000 (PEG) on tobacco hypocotyl caulogenesis and micropropagation were investigated. Superoxide-dismutases (SODs) and peroxidases (POXs) are more active and different isoforms patterns have been identified compared to the control for cualogenesis. A decrease of internodes length and a higher shoots multiplication rate were observed. However, under PEG treatment plantlets expressed hyperhydration and ceased rooting. Pre-treatments effects study of ABA and/or PEG were finalized in acclimatization phase for 18 tobacco clones. A summary of our results revealed that ABA and/or PEG induce among others a higher oxidative stress compared to the control in the first stage that is not maintained for all clones until acclimatization. Certain clones expressed a lower SOD activity compared to the control during acclimatization but maintaining higher POX activity.
Highlights
At the global level we are facing the effects of climate change that for Europe have been predicted since 2010 [1]
Abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are considered as the main molecules highly involved in controlling drought tolerance in plants [14]
Tobacco seedlings were obtained after 3 weeks of in vitro seeds cultivation based on the culture media recommended by Murashige Skoog (1962)
Summary
At the global level we are facing the effects of climate change that for Europe have been predicted since 2010 [1]. Drought tolerance in plants will be one of the most challenging adaptation mechanisms, that usually acts as a combination of stress factors: biotic and abiotic [6,7] It is highly recognized the concept of stress matrix developed by Mittler in 2006 [8] as acumulative effect of various abiotic and biotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. The continuous in vitro plant’s experimentation may reveal new insights related to the connectivity between drought tolerance and morphogenesis In this regard, ABA signaling pathway raise questions related to other plant development processes interference than stomatal function or seed dormancy, already extensively studied [23]. It is well established that ROS triggers the activation of antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide-dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and glutathione-reductase (GR), making relevant the analysis of these enzymes for drought stress [30]
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