Abstract
In order to locate control genes related to Oryza sativa L. traits at the germination stage under normal conditions and at drought stress levels (−4.5 and −9.0 bar), we evaluated 120 F8 generation offspring from the cross between two cultivars Neda × Ahlemitarum in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2013 in the botanical laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University. A linkage map was prepared using 90 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and 28 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), and 6 iPBS and 9 IRAP markers (265 polymorphic alleles). The results of the analysis of variance showed that all of the evaluated traits had a significant difference at the probability level of 1%. Hence, it can be noted that the desired genetic diversity can be found between genotypes. The results of the stepwise regression analysis for the germination percentage as a dependent variable and other traits as independent variables in the studied treatments showed that under normal conditions, there was variable coleoptile length, but under drought stress of −4.5 and −9.0 bar, the variable plumule dry weight entered the model. In this study, the markers included in RM1-RM490 and ISSR2-3-RM133 of chromosomes 1 and 6 of Oryza sativa were identified as the main regulators of traits associated with Oryza sativa drought resistance. In particular, they present the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control the first stages of germination of Oryza sativa in water stress conditions.
Highlights
The results of the analysis of variance (Table 1) under normal conditions and drought stress of −4.5 and −9.0 bar showed that a statistically significant difference was found between the studied lines at the 1% level for all of the evaluated traits, which indicates diversity between the studied lines of the measured traits
The germination percentage trait was considered as a dependent variable, and other traits were considered as independent variables
For the trait percentage of germination under normal conditions, the variable coleoptile length was 0.039, under the drought conditions −4.5 bar, the plumule weight explained 0.327% of the total changes, and under the conditions of −9.0 bar, the plumule weight explained 0.272% of the total changes (Table 2)
Summary
Water is rare in many parts of the world, and it is predicted that climate change will exacerbate this in the future. Water shortages are destroying huge volumes of agricultural products around the world, so they pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture [1,2,3,4]. Plant adaptation to abiotic stress is divided into avoidance and tolerance [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Drought avoidance is associated with water uptake. These phenomena are related to root morphology and in particular, to the length of root [12,13]
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