Drought Induced Dynamic Traits of Soil Water and Inorganic Carbon in Different Karst Habitats

Abstract

Understanding the temporal variability of soil water and carbon is an important prerequisite for restoring the vegetation in fragile karst ecosystems. A systematic study of soil moisture and carbon storage capacity under drought conditions in different karst habitats is critical for cultivating suitable crops in karst regions. The hydrological characteristics of soil and changes in soil HCO3−, pH, and EC values under drought conditions were measured on simulated rock outcrops and non-outcrops in an indoor pot experiment. The results showed that the rock outcrops had less evaporation and significantly greater water retention capacity than the non-outcrops, which gave the retained water in the rock outcrops sufficient reaction time to dissolve atmospheric CO2, as well as to promote dissolution at the rock–soil interface. Therefore, the carbon sequestration capacity of the rock outcrops was higher than that of the non-outcrops. Due to the rock–soil–water interaction in the early stage of drought, the soil HCO3− concentration in the rock outcrops fluctuated with soil water content, but the soil HCO3− concentration tended to be stable in the whole drought period, showing a phenomenon of zero-carbon sink. No obvious change was observed in the soil HCO3− concentration in non-outcrops during the drought period, which indicated that the carbon sequestration of rock outcrops was mainly attributed to the dissolution of rocks. Therefore, rock outcrops were more effective for water and carbon storage, compared with non-outcrops, under drought, and could provide more available water and carbon resources for supporting the photosynthesis of plants in karst regions.