Driving cycle development of BAS KITe in Kuala Terengganu city to optimize the energy consumption and emissions

Abstract

Public bus has become the needs to the people especially in the city area. In Kuala Terengganu city, the public bus service was created to upgrade the public transport system in Terengganu State by providing city bus service called as ‘BAS KITe’. Concerning of the real world city, driving cycles for BAS KITe is needed in order to improve the energy consumption and emissions for every operation routes. Driving cycle represents a traffic behavior in a specific area or city. The objectives of this paper are; to characterize and develop driving cycle of BAS KITe in Kuala Terengganu city along its operation route, to analyze fuel economy and emissions using the driving cycle developed, and to compare the fuel economy and emissions with conventional bus and split single mode plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB) using Vehicle System Simulation Tool Development (AUTONOMIE) software. The methodology involves three major steps, which are route selection, data collection using on-road measurement method and driving cycle development using k-means method. Through the analysis of energy consumption and emissions, real world driving cycle is designed with 41 final micro-trips and it can be proved that PHEB can reduce the energy consumption thereby minimizing the impact on the environment and economy.