Abstract
Ph.D. programs should better prepare scientists and engineers for employment in fields other than academic research. This is the gist of Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers, a study prepared by a 19-member panel for the National Research Council's Committee on Science, Engineering & Public Policy. The 200-page report calls for integrating nonacademic options into Ph.D. training. All three primary areas of employment for Ph.D. scientists and engineers—universities, industry, and government—are simultaneously experiencing enormous changes, says panel chairman Phillip A. Griffiths, a mathematician and director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. New scientists and engineers must be prepared not only to be flexible in their work, but also to change positions and even careers more than any previous generation. More than half of new graduates with Ph.D. degrees work in nonacademic settings, and the fraction has been growing steadily. Between 1977 and 1991, the pro...
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