Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed urological malignancies worldwide. Dracorhodin perchlorate, anthocyanin red pigment, has been recently shown to induce apoptotic cell death in several types of cancer cells. However, there is no report elucidating its effect on bladder cancer T24 cells. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the effects of dracorhodin perchlorate on the cell viability and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells. DNA flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that dracorhodin perchlorate markedly rendered apoptosis of T24 cells in a time-dependent manner. Dracorhodin perchlorate significantly induced the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in T24 cells. Furthermore, dracor-hodin perchlorate-induced apoptosis was regulated by activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , and survivin in T24 cells. These in vitro results suggested that dracorhodin perchlorate should be further examined for in vivo activity and molecular mechanism in human bladder cancer.
Highlights
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed urological malignancies worldwide
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the cytotoxic effects of dracorhodin perchlorate in human bladder cancer T24 cells and to delineate the underlying mechanisms of dracorhodin perchlorate-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells
T24 cells were treated with dracorhodin perchlorate at the concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 100 or 300 for 24 and 48 hours respectively
Summary
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed urological malignancies worldwide. More than 12 million new cases of cancer occur annually worldwide Of those 5.4 million occur in developed countries and 6.7 million in developing countries (Ploeg et al, 2009). Bladder cancer is the fourth and eighth most common cancer in men and women in the United States, respectively. Bladder cancer is quite common in the U.S, representing about 6 percent of all new cancer cases among men and 2 percent among women. In 2012, approximately 37,510 new urinary bladder cancer cases will be diagnosed and 14,880 will die in the United States (Siegel et al, 2012). Prevailing treatment options have limited therapeutic success in human bladder cancer. The current therapy for bladder cancer is not satisfactory and better therapeutic options are immediately required to develop a more effective therapy for bladder cancer
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