Down syndrome-Trisomy 21: Oral and systemic considerations for the dental approach

Abstract

Objective: The physical, systemic and stomatological characteristics of patients with Down Syndrome (DS) were verified, for a better integration with the dentist and other health professionals. Methodology: A search was carried out in the main databases and articles that were read in full and according to the objective, published as original research, case reports and literature review articles, 56 were included. Individuals with DS have unmistakable characteristics such as short stature and low-set ears, in addition to systemic impairments. On the stomatognathic system, they have injuries mainly in relation to malocclusion, dental caries and periodontics. Discussion: The search for an oral health professional is late and the quality of life is negatively affected by changes that are often already aggravated. Dental surgeons should be more prepared to manage the care of these patients, and public policies focused on prevention should be addressed and are suggested. Conclusion: According to the literature found, the physical and systemic characteristics of patients with Down Syndrome are easily identifiable by the dentist through a clinical look and anamnesis. In addition, oral health is more affected by dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion and professionals should be better trained to provide care with a focus on prevention.