Abstract
The subjects of the two‐neutrino (2νββ) and neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decays are introduced. The main theoretical and experimental issues related to the double beta decay are discussed. It is stressed that the study of the 0νββ decay is the most important source of information about the Majorana nature of neutrinos. In addition, the 0νββ‐decay half‐life can constrain the absolute neutrino mass‐scale and the neutrino mass pattern. Morever, the Majorana CP‐violating phases, which might be responsible for the matter asymmetry of the Universe, could be deduced from the measured 0νββ‐decay rate, once this process will be observed. One can conclude that the double beta decay is an important process for the fields of nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.
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