Dosimetric and isocentric variations due to patient setup errors in CT-based treatment planning for breast cancer by electronic portal imaging

Abstract

BackgroundInaccuracies in treatment setup during radiation therapy for breast cancers may increase risks to surrounding normal tissue toxicities, i.e. organs at risks (OARs), and compromise disease control. This study was planned to evaluate the dosimetric and isocentric variations and determine setup reproducibility and errors using an online electronic portal imaging (EPI) protocol. MethodsA total of 360 EPIs in 60 patients receiving breast/chest wall irradiation were evaluated. Cumulative dose–volume histograms (DVHs) were analyzed for mean doses to lung (V20) and heart (V30), setup source to surface distance (SSD) and central lung distance (CLD), and shifts in anterior-posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI), and medial lateral (ML) directions. ResultsRandom errors ranged from 2 to 3 mm for the breast/chest wall (medial and lateral) tangential treatments and 2–2.5 mm for the anterior supraclavicular nodal field. Systematic errors ranged from 3 to 5 mm in the AP direction for the tangential fields and from 2.5 to 5 mm in the SI and ML direction for the anterior supraclavicular nodal field. For right-sided patients, V20 was 0.69–3.96 Gy, maximum lung dose was 40.5 Gy, V30 was 1.4–3 Gy, and maximum heart dose was 50.5 Gy. Similarly, for left-sided patients, the CLD (treatment planning system) was 25 mm–30 mm, CLD (EPIs) was 30–40 mm, V20 was 0.9–5.9 Gy, maximum lung dose was 45 Gy, V30 was 2.4–4.1 Gy, and maximum heart dose was 55 Gy. ConclusionOnline assessment of patient position with matching of EPIs with digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) is a useful method in evaluation of interfraction reproducibility in breast irradiation.