Abstract
This paper focuses on the preparation of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG: Ce) powder with several concentration gradients via the sol-gel method by detecting its structural characteristics via X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to verify the generation of a complete crystal phase and evenly distributed nanopowder. On this basis, the luminescence characteristics of Ce3+ are explored, the mechanism and model are discussed based on the spectra, and the ideal doping concentration was obtained by comparing the luminescence intensity along with the fluorescence quenching theory and fluorescence decay spectra of samples with different doping concentrations. Several radiation dosimeters based on YAG: Ce phosphors were made; the online radiation monitoring function was realized under the exposure of a standard X-ray source; the repeatability, accuracy, and sensitivity of the system were verified by experiments; and the factors affecting dosimeter response are discussed. This paper verifies the possibility of adhibiting YAG: Ce fluorescent powder for online X-ray monitoring, and lays the foundation for further research.
Highlights
X-rays were originally used for medical imaging diagnostics and X-ray crystallography for monitoring free radiation, a harmful ray to the human body, and are of great significance in terms of daily life [1,2], medicine [3,4,5,6,7], industry [8,9], etc
The peak shape of samples burned at different temperatures is not exactly the same, compared with the standard spectrum, they all have the same peak level, reflecting that the samples have formed a mature and stable yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG): Ce structure
With the increase in sintering temperature, it is found that the diffraction peak strength increases and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) narrows, meaning the crystallization increases, and there are no other phases generated, indicating the purity
Summary
X-rays were originally used for medical imaging diagnostics and X-ray crystallography for monitoring free radiation, a harmful ray to the human body, and are of great significance in terms of daily life [1,2], medicine [3,4,5,6,7], industry [8,9], etc. In a variety of X-ray detectors, the ionization chamber (ion chamber) is the “golden standard” for radiation detection, but it can only measure in vitro, requires relatively high measurement conditions, and is rather costly [10,11]; a film dosimeter is wearable but very precise position control is required to obtain accurate and high-resolution results [12,13]; the semiconductor dosimeter is outstanding in portability and resolution, but it has poor radiation resistance and a corresponding shorter service life [14,15] Due to their high sensitivity, low delay, low loss, and other virtues, fiber dosimeters are becoming more and more favored [16], but fiber under a high-energy beam will lead to the Cherenkov effect, which will produce an interfering light signal mainly distributed around 500 nm [17,18,19], undermining the reliability. The coprecipitation method [24] and sol-gel method [25]
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